Clinically, a case of AES is defined as a person of any age, at any time of year with the acute onset of fever and a change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma, or inability to talk) and/or new onset of seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures). Most Common cause of AES is Japanese encephalitis and toxic encephalopathy.
There have also been cases of toxic encephalopathy (litchi deaths) in Muzaffarpur during the same season. outbreaks generally peak in June and continue until July, corresponding to the lychee harvesting period, which led to assertions of lychee or lychee orchard–associated AES. Lancet study done in 2014 found skipping evening meals and MCPG and hypoglycin toxins as a major cause of toxic encephalopathy. It recommended minimising litchi consumption, ensuring receipt of an evening meal and implementing rapid glucose correction for suspected illness.
Similar outbreaks in Bangladesh suggested the role of agrochemicals in its outbreak. the outbreak ended following the onset of the monsoon rains, which suggest that the toxin associated with the lychees was on their surface, rather than contained in the fruit. Acute exposures to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in children accumulate acetylcholine at the autonomic ganglia resulting in hypertension, pallor, and hypoglycemia.48 This could explain why most of the case-patients fall ill between 2 am and 8 am when blood glucose reaches its lowest levels. This study was done in 2013 and published in ASTMH.
Japanese Encephalitis is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of infected female mosquitoes mainly belonging to Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex Vishnu and Culex pseudovishnui group. However, some other mosquito species also play a role in transmission under specific conditions.
Culex mosquito usually bites in the night and prefer to stay in irrigated rice fields or darker areas of the house during day time. It prefers cleaner water for breeding.
JE virus is primarily zoonotic which means it's transmitted from animal to human in its natural cycle and humans are an accidental dead-end host. It doesn't transmit from human to human. Symptoms usually appear after an incubation period of 5-14 days from the bite of an infected mosquito. JE virus is neurotropic primarily affects the central nervous system
JE virus infection presents with classical symptoms similar to any other virus causing encephalitis. JE virus infection may result in febrile illness of variable severity associated with neurological symptoms ranging from headache to meningitis or encephalitis. Symptoms can include headache, fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, coma, tremors, paralysis (generalized), hypertonia, loss of coordination, behaviour changes, altered sensorium. The prodromal stage may be abrupt (1-6 hours), acute (6-24 hours) or more commonly subacute (2-5 days)
In the acute encephalitic stage, symptoms noted in prodromal phase convulsions, alteration of the sensorium, behavioural changes, motor paralysis and involuntary movement supervene and focal neurological deficit is common. Usually lasts for a week but may prolong due to complications.
Amongst patients who survive, some lead to full recovery through steady improvement and some suffer from the stabilization of neurological deficit. The convalescent phase is prolonged and varies from a few weeks to several months.
Mild infections occur without apparent symptoms other than fever with headache. More severe infection is marked by quick onset, headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, occasional convulsions (especially in infants) and spastic (but rarely flaccid) paralysis.
There are different investigations using CSF and blood samples. Antigen and antibody detection, PCR and viral cultures are different ways to diagnose JE.
Treatment is usually symptomatic but for prevention recommendations are:
Cervical cancer is a kind of cancer that develops in the cervix of a woman. Cervix an an area between the uterus and vagina. It is preventable if diagnosed in early stages. Going for regular pap tests and taking a HPV vaccine can significantly lower the risk of cervical cancer. These symptoms include abnormal bleeding between menstrual periods, low back and lower abdominal pain, postcoital bleeding and strange smelling discharge. If not diagnosed in time, it can be life-threatening and requires intense treatment.
Cervical cancer causes great strain on the body and it may spread all over the pelvic region. In some cases, distant tissues are also affected by cervical cancer. You should consult a doctor immediately after experiencing any symptom of cervical cancer.
In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!
Cervical cancer is a kind of cancer that develops in the cervix of a woman. Cervix is an area between the uterus and vagina. It is preventable if diagnosed in early stages. Going for regular pap tests and taking a HPV vaccine can significantly lower the risk of cervical cancer. These symptoms include abnormal bleeding between menstrual periods, low back and lower abdominal pain, postcoital bleeding and strange smelling discharge. If not diagnosed in time, it can be life threatening and requires intense treatment. Following are the ways you can prevent cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer causes great strain on the body and it may spread all over the pelvic region. In some cases, distant tissues are also affected by cervical cancer. You should consult a doctor immediately after experiencing any symptom of cervical cancer. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a doctor and ask a free question.
Contaminated food is one of the most common sources of infections in the human body and so the stomach is one of the most commonly affected organs. Whether it is eating raw food or unhygienically prepared foods, the stomach has very high chance of getting infected than other body parts.
One of the most common causes of stomach infection is the norovirus also called as cruise ship virus. Spread through vomitus and faecal material, it is quite contagious and can affect large amounts of people in confined areas like a cruise ship. The common symptoms would include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, bloated feeling, abdominal pain (generalised or localised), fatigue and tiredness.
On the brighter side, there are well-proven measures listed below which are simple and easy to follow that can help avoid stomach infection.
Following the above measures can help avoid the stomach flu and stay healthy. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a general physician.
Warts refer to a type of a deformity in the skin, which refers to the formation of a small, hard, benign growth on the surface of the skin. It is generally caused by a viral infection and results in a feeling of discomfort or pain.
What causes the formation of warts?
Common warts are caused due to infection of the outermost layer of skin that occurs as a result of viral contamination. The virus that is responsible for this condition belongs to the human papillomavirus (HPV) family. This infection is highly contagious and easily spreads from one person to the other. It is most likely to occur on skin that is cut or damaged as that allows easy access for the virus to enter the skin system.
How to prevent the formation of warts? Common warts are contagious and spread very easily. Preventing the spread of the HPV virus can be done through simple steps that will help you avoid getting affected by this condition.
Some of the preventive measures that can be adopted are as follows:
There are many methods to treat warts, but recurrence can occur in almost every treatment. It is also worth mentioning that warts can disappear on their own without any treatment.
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver, which may often progress to dangerous complications. There are many types of Hepatitis and each has its own particular set of causes, symptoms, mode of contraction and treatment procedures. Here are the main types of Hepatitis as well as some of the factors which may cause Hepatitis:
Types
Causes
Recent years have witnessed the severity of acute respiratory infections. The cause is exposure to more of respiratory Infection causing microorganisms. Everyone is at a high risk of exposure. The infections affect all age groups. Therefore, you must know all about acute respiratory infections.
Acute respiratory infections may interfere in normal breathing. The infection often starts as a viral infection in the nose, trachea (windpipe) or in the lungs. In cases of non treatment, the infection spreads to the entire respiratory system. The infections are transmissible.
Causes
There are many respiratory infections of which causes are unknown. However, a few known viral causes are as follows:
Bacterial causes are as follows:
Symptoms
Few of the prominent symptoms are as follows:
The first thing that the doctor tends to check is the breathing pattern of the patient, followed by a number of checks
There could be complications such as respiratory failure, respiratory arrest or congestive heart failure
Treatment
Ideally for viruses, there isn't any cure. Medications that are prescribed are for the symptoms.
Prevention
1. Probiotics and vaccination are available for certain infections such as URTIs, Adenoviruses and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
2. Best prevention is to boost your immune system.
In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!
Recent years have witnessed the severity of acute respiratory infections. The main cause is exposure to more of respiratory Infection causing microorganisms. Everyone is at a high risk of exposure. The infections can affect all age groups equally. Therefore, you must know all about acute respiratory infections.
Acute respiratory infections may interfere in normal breathing. The infection often starts as a viral infection in the nose, trachea (windpipe) or in the lungs. In cases of non treatment, the infection spreads to the entire respiratory system. The infections are transmissible.
Causes:
There are many respiratory infections of which causes are unknown. However, a few known viral causes are as follows:
Bacterial causes are as follows:
Symptoms:
Few of the prominent symptoms are as follows:
The first thing that the doctor tends to check is the breathing pattern of the patient, followed by a number of checks:
There could be complications such as respiratory failure, respiratory arrest or congestive heart failure
Treatment:
Ideally for viruses, there isn't any cure. Medications that are prescribed are for the symptoms.
Prevention:
Herpes is caused due to the presence of the herpes simplex virus in your body. Herpes can appear on multiple areas of your body, but more commonly manifests in the genitals as well as the mouth. The two types of herpes are HSV-1 (oral herpes) and HSV-2 (responsible primarily for the outbreak of genital herpes).
Causes of Herpes Simplex:
Symptoms of Herpes Simplex:
Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex:
In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!
ये सच है की मौत बहाने से आती है और उन बहानों में सबसे आम बहाना होता है बीमारी। हम सभी को जीवन एक बार मिलता है, जिसे हम बेहतर और लम्बा बनाने के लिए हर मुमकिन कोशिश करते हैं पर जीवन और मौत के दरम्यान बीमारी की तलवार हमेशा लटकती रहती है। इसलिए हम हमेशा बिमारियों से रूबरू होकर उनसे बचने या जीत हासिल करने की फ़िराक में रहते हैं जिससे अपनी उम्र और स्थिति में इजाफा कर लेते हैं। लेकिन इस बात पर गौर करना होगा कि कुछ बीमारियों से जूझ कर भी हम जीने की उम्मीद नहीं खोते पर कुछ बीमारियाँ ऐसी भी हैं जो हमें मारें उसके पहले ही हम दिमागी तौर पर दिन ब दिन मरने लगते हैं. आज इस लेख में हम ऐसी ही एक बीमारी के बारे में चर्चा करंगे जो जानलेवा होती है । आपको बताएंगे कि एड्स कैसे होता है और इसके पीछे क्या कारण होते है।
एड्स एक बेहद खतरनाक और जानलेवा बीमारी के रूप में जाना जाता है। यह बीमारी अगर किसी इंसान को हो जाये तो उसकी म्रत्यु निश्चित हो जाती है। केवल भारत को लिया जाए तो सालाना तकरीबन 80,000 से ज्यादा लोगो की म्रत्यु AIDS के वजह से होती है। इसलिए इससे बचना है तो यह जानना बेहद जरूरी हो जाता है कि एड्स क्या है और कैसे होता है?
एड्स यानि कि उपार्जित प्रतिरक्षा नाशक रोग समूह, जिसका अर्थ है कि एड्स मनुष्य जाति में स्वाभाविक रूप से शुरू नहीं हुआ बल्कि मनुष्य जाति के अपने ही कुछ कर्मों के कारण उपार्जित हुआ। यह एक संक्रामक रोग है जो कि एच.आई.वी. (ह्यूमनइम्यूनो डेफिशियेन्सी वायरस) नाम के विषाणु के संक्रमण की वजह से होता है। जब यह विषाणु शरीर में प्रवेश कर जाता है तो ब्लड में पहुंच कर वाइट ब्लड सेल्स में मिलकर उसके DNA में पहुंच जाता है जहां वह विभाजित होता है और रक्त के सफेद कणों पर आक्रमण करता है। धीरे-धीरे यह सफेद कणों की संख्या बहुत कम कर देता है। उसी कमी या समाप्ति के साथ शरीर की रोगों से लड़ने की प्रतिरोधक क्षमता को समाप्त करता है।
यह विषाणु शरीर में प्रवेश करने के बाद समाप्त नहीं होता है। और इसी स्थिति को एड्स कहा जाता है।
यह जानना जरूरी है की HIV छूने से नहीं फैलता। यह केवल शरीर के अंदर मौजूद तरल पदार्थ जैसे थूक, खून, और सेक्स के द्वारा निकलने वाला सेमेन से फैलता है।
बताए गए कारणों से HIV /AIDS फैलता जरूर है पर जरूरी नहीं है कि इन वजहों से किसी का खून यकीनन संक्रमित ही हो जाए। यह इसपर भी निर्भर करता है कि HIV वायरस कितना मजबूत है। यदि कमज़ोर HIV वायरस किसी के शरीर मे किसी भी तरीके से चला जाए तो संभव है कि उस व्यक्ति को HIV/AIDS न हो।
बदकिस्मती से दुनिया मे HIV को लेकर कई गलतफैमियाँ है इस कारण यह भी जानना जरूरी हो जाता है कि HIV-AIDS किन कारणों से नही फैलता।
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