Toxoplasma DNA, PCr Tips

The human body requires the basic nutrients for its normal functioning which are carbohydrates, fats and proteins. However, there are certain vital vitamins and minerals too, that are equally important as they help in maintaining the proper health of a human body in various ways. One such vitamin is Vitamin B complex of which, there is a crucial vitamin known as Vitamin B12 or scientifically called as Cobalamin.

Functions of Vitamin B12:

Vitamin B12 plays a major role by controlling several factors of the human body. These are necessary for the body to run well and stay healthy.

Some of the key functions of Vitamin B12 are listed below:

1. It is responsible for the conversion of raw carbohydrate matter that enters into the body in the form of food into glucose that is the driving energy for the body. Therefore, in a way it helps to keep the continuity of energy production in the human body. Its deficiency, therefore, can lead to fatigue or weakness.
2. Every single nature of human cells is related to the DNA and RNA that define the genetics and hereditary factors of a human body. Vitamin B12 assists in the creation of this DNA and RNA.
3. Vitamin B12 also helps in the production of nerve cells in the human body by maintaining the covering of the nerve cells or neurones known as the myelin sheaths. This helps to free the body from the reach of toxins and free radicals that can be very harmful to the human body. Hence, any shortage of Vitamin B12 can damage the nerve cells in a considerable manner.
4. The bones of the human body need Vitamin B12 as well and any deficiency of Vitamin B12 can cause osteoporosis and other bone issues.
5. Vitamin B12 in association with another vitamin known as Vitamin B9 (folate or folic acid) helps in the manufacture of red blood cells that help in impressive iron functioning, which is the main oxygen carrier of the human blood. Quite evidently, its deficiency can lead to shortness of breath and other breathing disorders.
6. Even heart requires an adequate amount of Vitamin B12 along with Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B9 so that appropriate levels of amino acid named homocysteine are produced that is a deciding factor in heart diseases.
7. Vitamin B12 is an essential component affecting brain health too, and any deficiency of Vitamin B12 can often lead to various brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.

In fact, Vitamin B12 has also been found to regulate mood and emotions of humans. Above all, Vitamin B12 is vital for keeping an individual happy and healthy by revitalising the body cells and making him or her feel youthful and vibrant all the time.

Melanoma, also referred to as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer. It evolves from the color or pigment containing cells known as melanocytes. Melanomas normally happen in the skin, yet may once in a while it may happen in the mouth, guts, or eyes as well. In women, it generally happens in the legs, while in men they are most regularly on the back. Sometime a mole may also raise your concern by increasing in size, developing abnormal edges, a change of color or itching and irritability. This may also prompt breakdown of the skin.

Some general facts on melanoma are mentioned below:
1. More than one million new instances of skin cancer or melanoma are analyzed every year.
2. There has been a 2000% increase in rate of melanoma since the year 1930. One out of fifty get affected by this cancer.
3. This is common in young women and causes many deaths.
4. Women below the age of forty are at more risk of getting melanoma than any other kind of cancer such as breast cancer.
5. There has been a high rise in the rate of melanoma from 1970 to 2008. There has been an 800% increase in young women and 400% increase in case of similar aged men.
6. Early recognition makes melanoma treatable. It is screened for growth very minimally.

Primary causes:

1. The most primary cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light (UV) in people with a low level of skin pigment. The UV light might be from either the sun or from different sources, for example, tanning devices. Around 25% of cases occur from or in the form of moles. 
2. Those with numerous moles, presence of the disease in family members and who have poor immunity are at more noteworthy risk to get melanoma. Various uncommon hereditary defects, such as xeroderma pigmentosum increase the risk of melanoma.
3. The individuals who work on airplanes seem to have an expanded danger, due to more contact with UV rays.
4. Ultraviolet UVB light of wavelengths between 315 - 280 nm from the sun react with the skin cell DNA and result in a kind of direct DNA harm called cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). 

In order to stay away or avoid melanoma, you should:

1. Spend less time in direct sunlight and should seek shade.
2. Avoid the sun at peak hours.
3. Examine your skin at times for some kind of change.
4. Keep away from tanning salons.

Melanoma is a dangerous form of cancer and causes a lot of deaths. You should stay away from anything that causes melanoma.

In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!

It is as important for the man as it is for the woman to undergo certain tests before the IVF cycle is started. Fertility is not only an issue for a woman, but it also might be for the man in question. There are certain tests that need to be conducted on men before they can gear up for IVF:

1. Semen Analysis: One of the most important tests for male infertility is semen analysis. Sometimes, a man may be completely healthy, but his sperm production could be of poor quality. Semen analysis is done to provide an accurate evaluation of sperm number, the ability to move (motility), size and shape (morphology), as well as the consistency and volume of the sample collected.

2. Binding Test: Sometimes agglutination occurs where the sperms might stick to each other by their heads or tails. Sperm antibodies might cause this problem. The IVF treatment's success might be compromised if this happens. A simple binding test is done to determine this.

3. Trial Wash: This is also known as sperm wash. It is mostly done to remove chemicals from the sperm. Not doing a sperm wash might end up affecting the later stages of the IVF treatment. In this process, the misshapen and immotile sperm is separated so a clean sample of motile and healthy sperm can be collected.

4. TUNEL Assay: Since sperms build up about half of a child's genetic makeup, a TUNEL Assay or 'sperm DNA test' is required. This test is done to measure the sperm population that have fragmented DNA. Negative impacts on genetics can hamper the success of fertility treatment.

TUNEL Assay is usually recommended to men with:

• Leukocytes detected by the sperm analysis
• Age approaching 50
• A history of diabetes II type or prostatitis
• Exposure to chemicals or prolonged heat at workplaces

5. Screening for Infectious Diseases: This test is done for both the partners to check for diseases like AIDS, Hepatitis C, and so on.

It is as important for the man as it is for the woman to undergo certain tests before the IVF cycle is started. Fertility is not only an issue for a woman, but it also might be for the man in question. There are certain tests that need to be conducted on men before they can gear up for IVF:

1. Semen Analysis: One of the most important tests for male infertility is semen analysis. Sometimes, a man may be completely healthy, but his sperm production could be of poor quality. Semen analysis is done to provide an accurate evaluation of sperm number, the ability to move (motility), size and shape (morphology), as well as the consistency and volume of the sample collected.

2. Binding Test: Sometimes agglutination occurs where the sperms might stick to each other by their heads or tails. Sperm antibodies might cause this problem. The IVF treatment's success might be compromised if this happens. A simple binding test is done to determine this.

3. Trial Wash: This is also known as sperm wash. It is mostly done to remove chemicals from the sperm. Not doing a sperm wash might end up affecting the later stages of the IVF treatment. In this process, the misshapen and immotile sperm is separated so a clean sample of motile and healthy sperm can be collected.

4. TUNEL Assay: Since sperms build up about half of a child's genetic makeup, a TUNEL Assay or 'sperm DNA test' is required. This test is done to measure the sperm population that have fragmented DNA. Negative impacts on genetics can hamper the success of the fertility treatment.

TUNEL Assay is usually recommended to men with:

• Leukocytes detected by the sperm analysis
• Age approaching 50
• A history of diabetes II type or prostatitis
• Exposure to chemicals or prolonged heat at workplaces

5. Screening for Infectious Diseases: This test is done for both the partners to check for diseases like AIDS, Hepatitis C, and so on.

If an HIV infection, treatment is primarily aimed at preventing evolve as long as possible and do not give way to the disease AIDS . In this case, the treatment is against HIV itself. If the emergence of AIDS and its accompanying diseases occur as a lung inflammation or bowel, treatment should include them. It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle so that the immune system does not see further harmed. Many infected with HIV also have counseling and self-help centers with other affected. Drug Treatments Currently it has good information about certain steps in the single expansion of HIV infection. Thus, it has been possible to develop drugs that inhibit certain evolutions of cell infestation. HIV treatment is also called highly active antiretroviral therapy and its abbreviation is HAART. Specifically, this treatment includes the following medications: The entry inhibitors , which inhibit the entry of 'HIV virus' in human cells. VHI prevent adhesion of immune cells and / or dissolution of the viral envelope with the cell membrane (fusion). The excipient enfuvirtide eg prevents fusion. The reverse transcriptase inhibitor blocks a special top virus that can translate the genetic information of the virus (DNA) reverse transcriptase. This group of drugs includes, for example, substances such as lamivudine , the tenofovir or nevirapine . Another top virus, integrase, incorporating HIV DNA genetic information translated into immune cells. In this case, inhibitors of this enzyme, apply called integrase inhibitors . The drug raltegravir contains these integrase inhibitors. The protease inhibitors destroy other HIV enzyme, the HIV protease. If a cell is infected with HIV, forms a component of protein which could be born new HIV viruses. Protease HIV plays an important role in the composition of this protein. Inhibitors of this enzyme are involved in virus appear less capable of action in affected cells. Examples of protease inhibitors are drugs fosamprenavir , indinavir , nelfinavir, and ritonavir . Although 'AIDS' remains an incurable disease, it may be well with a combination therapy . This combination consists of at least three different drugs; usually several inhibitors of reverse transcriptase which are combined with a protease inhibitor.

It is as important for the man as it is for the woman to undergo certain tests before the IVF cycle is started. Fertility is not only an issue for a woman, but it also might be for the man in question. There are certain tests that need to be conducted on men before they can gear up for IVF:

1. Semen Analysis: One of the most important tests for male infertility is semen analysis. Sometimes, a man may be completely healthy, but his sperm production could be of poor quality. Semen analysis is done to provide an accurate evaluation of sperm number, the ability to move (motility), size and shape (morphology), as well as the consistency and volume of the sample collected.

2. Binding Test: Sometimes agglutination occurs where the sperms might stick to each other by their heads or tails. Sperm antibodies might cause this problem. The IVF treatment's success might be compromised if this happens. A simple binding test is done to determine this.

3. Trial Wash: This is also known as sperm wash. It is mostly done to remove chemicals from the sperm. Not doing a sperm wash might end up affecting the later stages of the IVF treatment. In this process, the misshapen and immotile sperm is separated so a clean sample of motile and healthy sperm can be collected.

4. TUNEL Assay: Since sperms build up about half of a child's genetic makeup, a TUNEL Assay or 'sperm DNA test' is required. This test is done to measure the sperm population that have fragmented DNA. Negative impacts on genetics can hamper the success of the fertility treatment.

TUNEL Assay is usually recommended to men with:

• Leukocytes detected by the sperm analysis
• Age approaching 50
• A history of diabetes II type or prostatitis
• Exposure to chemicals or prolonged heat at workplaces

5. Screening for Infectious Diseases: This test is done for both the partners to check for diseases like AIDS, Hepatitis C, and so on. In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!

It is as important for the man as it is for the woman to undergo certain tests before the IVF cycle is started. Fertility is not only an issue for a woman, but it also might be for the man in question.

There are certain tests that need to be conducted on men before they can gear up for IVF:

1. Semen Analysis: One of the most important tests for male infertility is semen analysis. Sometimes, a man may be completely healthy, but his sperm production could be of poor quality. Semen analysis is done to provide an accurate evaluation of sperm number, the ability to move (motility), size and shape (morphology), as well as the consistency and volume of the sample collected.

2. Binding Test: Sometimes agglutination occurs where the sperms might stick to each other by their heads or tails. Sperm antibodies might cause this problem. The IVF treatment's success might be compromised if this happens. A simple binding test is done to determine this.

3. Trial Wash: This is also known as sperm wash. It is mostly done to remove chemicals from the sperm. Not doing a sperm wash might end up affecting the later stages of the IVF treatment. In this process, the misshapen and immotile sperm is separated so a clean sample of motile and healthy sperm can be collected.

4. TUNEL Assay: Since sperms build up about half of a child's genetic makeup, a TUNEL Assay or 'sperm DNA test' is required. This test is done to measure the sperm population that have fragmented DNA. Negative impacts on genetics can hamper the success of the fertility treatment.

TUNEL Assay is usually recommended to men with:

• Leukocytes detected by the sperm analysis
• Age approaching 50
• A history of diabetes II type or prostatitis
• Exposure to chemicals or prolonged heat at workplaces

5. Screening for Infectious Diseases: This test is done for both the partners to check for diseases like AIDS, Hepatitis C, and so on.

It is as important for the man as it is for the woman to undergo certain tests before the IVF cycle is started. Fertility is not only an issue for a woman, but it also might be for the man in question. There are certain tests that need to be conducted on men before they can gear up for IVF:

1. Semen Analysis: One of the most important tests for male infertility is semen analysis. Sometimes, a man may be completely healthy, but his sperm production could be of poor quality. Semen analysis is done to provide an accurate evaluation of sperm number, the ability to move (motility), size and shape (morphology), as well as the consistency and volume of the sample collected.

2. Binding Test: Sometimes agglutination occurs where the sperms might stick to each other by their heads or tails. Sperm antibodies might cause this problem. The IVF treatment's success might be compromised if this happens. A simple binding test is done to determine this.

3. Trial Wash: This is also known as sperm wash. It is mostly done to remove chemicals from the sperm. Not doing a sperm wash might end up affecting the later stages of the IVF treatment. In this process, the misshapen and immotile sperm is separated so a clean sample of motile and healthy sperm can be collected.

4. TUNEL Assay: Since sperms build up about half of a child's genetic makeup, a TUNEL Assay or 'sperm DNA test' is required. This test is done to measure the sperm population that have fragmented DNA. Negative impacts on genetics can hamper the success of the fertility treatment.

TUNEL Assay is usually recommended to men with:

• Leukocytes detected by the sperm analysis
• Age approaching 50
• A history of diabetes II type or prostatitis
• Exposure to chemicals or prolonged heat at workplaces

5. Screening for Infectious Diseases: This test is done for both the partners to check for diseases like AIDS, Hepatitis C, and so on.

Melanoma, also referred to as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer. It evolves from the color or pigment containing cells known as melanocytes. Melanomas normally happen in the skin, yet may once in a while it may happen in the mouth, guts, or eyes as well. In women, it generally happens in the legs, while in men they are most regularly on the back. Sometime a mole may also raise your concern by increasing in size, developing abnormal edges, a change of color or itching and irritability. This may also prompt breakdown of the skin.

Some general facts on melanoma are mentioned below:
1. More than one million new instances of skin cancer or melanoma are analyzed every year.

2. There has been a 2000% increase in rate of melanoma since the year 1930. One out of fifty get affected by this cancer.

3. This is common in young women and causes many deaths.

4. Women below the age of forty are at more risk of getting melanoma than any other kind of cancer such as breast cancer.

5. There has been a high rise in the rate of melanoma from 1970 to 2008. There has been an 800% increase in young women and 400% increase in case of similar aged men.

6. Early recognition makes melanoma treatable. It is screened for growth very minimally.

Primary causes:
Melanomia may be caused primarily due to these causes:

1. The most primary cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light (UV) in people with a low level of skin pigment. The UV light might be from either the sun or from different sources, for example, tanning devices. Around 25% of cases occur from or in the form of moles. 
2. Those with numerous moles, presence of the disease in family members and who have poor immunity are at more noteworthy risk to get melanoma. Various uncommon hereditary defects, such as xeroderma pigmentosum increase the risk of melanoma.
3. The individuals who work on airplanes seem to have an expanded danger, due to more contact with UV rays.
4. Ultraviolet UVB light of wavelengths between 315 - 280 nm from the sun react with the skin cell DNA and result in a kind of direct DNA harm called cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). 

In order to stay away or avoid melanoma, you should:

1. Spend less time in direct sunlight and should seek shade.
2. Avoid the sun at peak hours.
3. Examine your skin at times for some kind of change.
4. Keep away from tanning salons.

Melanoma is a dangerous form of cancer and causes a lot of deaths. You should stay away from anything that causes melanoma.

Fifth disease also known as slapped cheek syndrome is a mild and common illness in children that is caused by a virus called human parvovirus b19.
The medical name for fifth disease is" erythema infectiosum (ei).

Symptoms and signs include a rash as if the face has been slapped. In north america, the disease has been referred to as slapped cheek syndrome or as" slapcheek. Parvovirus infection is a common and highly contagious childhood ailment. It was one of five common childhood illnesses characterized by a rash and therefore named" fifth disease.
The name fifth disease comes from a classification system developed in the 1890's but it is no longer used. It was the fifth in a list of the five most common rashes of childhood and acquired this name.

This infection occurs primarily in school-aged children between 5 and 14 years of age during winter and spring. In most children, parvovirus infection is mild and requires little treatment.

The virus is thought to spread via droplets in the air as respiratory secretions transmitted by coughs and sneezesor by blood from other infected people. Early during the illness, nasal secretions contain the viral dna. Blood has been found to contain viral particles as well as dna.

Cases of fifth disease can occur either sporadically or as part of community outbreaks.

Outbreaks occur mainly in elementary schools during the spring.

Half of the cases occur from spread of the virus to others in the patient's household. Transmission of the infection in schools is less common.

About 10% or fewer of young children are immune.

People with this illness are contagious before the onset of symptoms and are probably not contagious after they develop the rash.

The incubation period (the time from acquiring the infection to the development of symptoms) usually lasts between 4 and 21 days.

Homeopathic remedies for fifth disease - slapped cheek syndrome

Apis, belladona, chamomilla, calendula, sulphur, urtica urens etc.

To find out the right medicine consult a homeopath.