Manipal Hospitals

Detecting a lump on your breasts can be stressful for any women. Breast cancer is a common type of cancer and is said to affect primarily affect women though 1% of breast cancer cases affect men. Breast cancer can be categorized into different types based on their capability to affect surrounding tissues.

Hi,

I am Dr. Vedant Kabra, Oncologist. Is video ke through mai aap ko aanto aur peat ke cancer ke baare mein kuch batana chahunga. Baad mein btana chahunga ki kis tarah cancer se bachav kiya ja sakta hai. Choti aanth mein cancer kam hota hai. Agar kisi ko khana nigalne mein taklif ho rahi ho, yahan tak ki liquid diet mein bhi problem hone lage aur paani peene mein bhi problem hone lage toh ann nali ka cancer ho sakta hai. Jaise jaise khana kam hota hai vaise vaise uska vajan bhi kam hota hai. Agar paani peene mein bhi taklif ho toh ann nali ka cancer ho sakta hai. Peat ke cancer mein acidity ke symptoms aa sakte hain. Vajan kam hona, kamjori ana, ya fir motions dark color ke hone ya fir khoon ana. Aise hi badi aanth mein peat mein gadbadi hona, peat mein gas feel hona, constipation ya diarrhea hona, aapko baar baar aisa lagta hai ki stool pass hoga stool pass karne ke bavjud. So, agar aise koi bhi lakshan hon, toh humein uski jaanch jaldi se jaldi karani chahiyai. Kyuki agar cancer ko time pe pakada jayega, toh uska ilaj ache se hoga. Agar hum cancer stage 1 aur 2 mein pakad lete hain toh uska ilaj surgery ke through ho sakta hai.

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy ki jarurat nahi padti hai. Lekin agar cancer apne local area mein jyada badh chuka hai ya aas pass ki garanthiyon ko bhi involve kar liya hai, toh aise cases mein humein chemo ya radiation ki ya fir dono ki jarurat padti hai. Kabhi operation ke pehle diya jata hai toh kabhi baad mein. Jab 4th stage mein pahuch jaate hain aur dusre parts ko bhi effect karne lagta hai toh uska ilaj kar ke thik kar pana sambhav nahi ho pata hai. Fir bhi medicines and chemotherapy se aram diya ja sakta hai aur life ko badhaya ja sakta hai. Isliye humara aim yahi hona chahiyai ki koi bhi abnormal symptom ko check karayein. Aap ko maximum benefit milna chahiyai treatment se. Jaisa maine aap ko btaya ki tarah tarah ki surgeries hoti hain toh aan nali ke cancer mein ann nali ko pura nikalna padta hai aur fir hum peat se nali nikal ke gardan mein lake jodte hain. Aise hi agar peat mein cancer hai toh peat ka hissa nikal diya jata hai. Aise mein peat ki capacity kam ho jati hai and humare khane ki shamta bhi thodi kam ho jaati hai. Toh aise mein khana har thodi thodi der mein khana chahiyai.

Aise hi agar badi aant ya rectum mein cancer hota hai, toh bhi humein uska effected part nikalana padta hai. Iski vajaha se stool frequency badh sakti hai. Iske alawa humein khane peene mein bhi thode changes karne padte hain. Stomach ka cancer ya badi aanth ka cancer mein jab us hisse ko nikala jata hai toh humare sharir mein vitamin B12 ko absorb karne ki shamata chali jaati hai aur uska injection zindagi bhar humein lena padta hai. Agar humein cancer vahan hota hai jahan se hum stool pass karte hain, toh pehle us raste ko band kar ke ek permanent bag lagaya jata tha aur zindagi bhar usi bag se apne aap stool nikalta rehta tha bina control ke. Lekin kayi chizon mein advancement hue like surgical techniques, chemo radiation jiski vajaha se hum normal passage ko bacha kar operation kar paate hain ya kuch chemos mein unko radiation deke kam kiya jata hai. Aur jab vo kam ho jata hai toh usko normal margin mil jata hai vapas se jodne ka aur permanent rasta bach jata hai. Agar kuch patients jaise unko pehle se hi chemo mila hota hai toh unmein humein temporary rasta banana padta hai joki kuch mahine ya kuch hafton baad band kar diya jata hai aur normal passage chalu rehta hai.

Agar fir bhi kuch patients mein permanent rasta banana pade toh us se ghabrana nahi chahiyai kyuki uski proper training hoti hai. Uske liya humare pass specialised nurses hain. Aur jab aap bahar nikalte hain toh kisi ko pata bhi nahi chalta hai ki koi bag laga hua hai. Har ek treatment mein ek regular follow-up hona bahut jaruri hai check karne ke liya ki bimari vapas toh nahi aa rahi hai. Ya jo ilaj hua hai uske koi side-effects toh nahi hain ya fir aap ke sharir mein koi badlav aya ho us se koi problem ho rahi hai. Isliye timely detection and treatment important hain. Ek sawasth jeewan ke liya awashak hai ki humara khan-paan acha rahe. Humein ghar ka bana khana khaana chahiyai. Dine mein salad and fruits khane chahiyai. Achi sleep important hai. Regular exercise important hai. Physical health ke sath mental and spiritual health bhi important hai. Iske alawa kisi bhi type ke addiction se durr rahein jaise smoking, alcohol, tobacco. Iske alawa aap apne bachon ko bhi encourage karein ki outdoor sports mein involve hon. Early cancer symptoms ke baare mein aap ko information hona jaruri hai. Kuch cancers aise bhi hain jinko hum self-examination ke through pakad sakte hain. Jaise muh ka cancer ki muh mein koi ulcers na hon, breast and skin ka cancer. Ye vo parts hain jinko hum khud examine kar sakte hain.

Thank You.

Hi,

I am Dr. Samanjoy Mukherjee. I want to talk about the expectations increased over life. We should actually thank medical science. But, it needs to be a cumulative effect on the Dr as well as on the patients to sustain this. What I see most importantly is that today our lifestyle has changed. All of us are suffering from the same issues. Being a Dr, I also suffer from the same problems. Lack of sleep and our eating habit which have changed like not having proper food that too on time and that has lead to an increasing number of cases to hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke. All we can prevent by having medications to take care of ourselves.

It is very important for us to concentrate on our lifestyle. So, we should have adequate sleep. Yes, we all have stress in our lives. We should know how to tackle stress, we should also have our tests done where we stand once we are 40+. Now it is very important that you understand that it is only about 35% is in our hand regarding food. We should always concentrate that what is in our hand not on what is not in our hand. So, I request all t7he young people to refrain from smoking. Smoking is one of the disastrous things. And, apart from that have adequate sleep, eat in moderation. Avoid access to fat, sweets. So, have things in moderation. At times, people actually become dependant on alcohol and smoking which is something we should always take care of. And even alcohol, red wine especially good if it is consumed in moderate quantities. But it is very difficult to make people understand and they get into the habit. There is no end to the amount of consumption which actually becomes a poison.

So, anything which is a tonic in small quantity becomes a poison in large quantity. So, I request to all the youngsters to have a healthy lifestyle. Exercise every day, if not every day then at least 2-3 times a week. Keep yourself fit. Check the body weight doesn't increase. eat in moderation. Don't go for food moderation. You should always have home cooked food and have a good sleep. Don't get on to alcohol. On weekends, you can cheat but in moderation.

Thank You!

Hi,

I am Dr. Lovkesh Anand, Hepatologist. Aaj mai aap sab ko fatty liver ke baare mein btaunga. Toh aaiye, pehle jaante hain ki liver kya hota hai. Liver humare peat ke right upper portion mein hota hai. Jahan ye bhojan ko pachane mein sahayak hai vhin dusri or khoon saaf karne and infections prevent karne, sugar control karne, fats, carbs, protein ko banane me help karta hai. Ek common dharana hai ki sharab ke sevan se hi liver khrab hota hai. Par aap ko jaan kar ashcharya hoga ki sugar and mottapa se bhi liver kharb hota hai. Is se liver mein charbi chadhna jise fatty liver bolte hain and sujan aana jisko hepatitis bolte hain, dono hi ho sakte hain. Durbhagyawash, hum patle logon mein bhi ye problem ho sakti hai. Ab iska prevalence badhne ka kya karan hai? Iska karan hai changed lifestyle. Humara sedentary lifestyle kafi badh gaya hai jismein hum regular basis pe exercises nahi karte hain.

Us se liver mein charabi chadhti hai. Humara khana peena kafi badal gaya hai. Fibre ka intake kum hota jaa raha hai. High calorie junk food badh gaya hai, sugar, soft drinks badhne se motapa badhta hai aur is se fatty liver hota hai. Ab iske symptoms kya ho sakte hain. Kayi baar logon ko koi symptom nahi hote but agar vo jaanch karate hain to fatty liver nikalta hai. Symptoms kayi baar bohot hi vague hote hain. Jaise ki gas, bloating, right side mein peat mein dard hona, peat saaf na hona. Advance cases mein jaundice bhi ho sakta hai. Lekin vo jab hota hai tab disease kafi badh jaati hai. Isko diagnose kaise karte hain? Isko ultrasound se check karte hain.or blood test karate hain.

Fibroscan ka test bhi karaya jaata hai. Ab iska ilaj kaise kia jaata hai. Regular exercise, weight loss, dieting bohot jruri hai. Exercise daily 45-60 mins mandatory hai. Regular walk bhi bohot important hai. This is the backbone of the treatment. Iske baad hi medicines kaam karti hain. Agar bimari jayada ho toh hum medicines dete hain jis se liver ki swelling kam hoti hai. Agar ye bimari bigad jaaye toh is se liver failure or cirrhosis bhi ho sakta hai. Jab ye ho jaaye toh liver change karne ke alawa koi option nahi rehta hai. Islia jab bhi aap ko oi bhi aise symptoms hote hain toh aap ko gastrologist se milna chaiye aur ilaj karana chaiye jis se aap ka fatty liver control rahe.

Dhanywad!

Hi,

I am Dr. Navjot Singh Arora, Dermatologist. Today I will talk about acne scars. Acne is the condition of teenage and between the age of 20-30. Acne occurs on the face causes red pimples, yellow pimples, blackheads, whiteheads and sometimes modules. If not treated properly, it can leave scars. Depression in the skin which is irregular in the shape and size. So, for this different sort of treatment modalities are available. For very superficial scars with very mild depression, chemical peels and medical treatments can suffice is some patients. But in a few of the patients, it can give deeper scars. And in some minimally invasive procedure has to be done. There are various treatment modalities which can be used to treat acne scars include derma roller treatment, fractional co2, Nd:Yag laser treatment and micro needling radiofrequency treatment. The treatment plan will be decided by the Dr who will assist you for the treatment. These treatments are the most advanced treatments. But they have a downtime of 5-7 days after performing the treatment.

Downtime means after performing the treatment, your skin may look red, bruised, some crust on your skin which will be fine after 5-7 days. After doing the session, you will have to take the proper sun protection. It may be noticed that 4-6 sessions of these modalities are necessary for a good improvement in scars. Scars can never be 100% removed but they can definitely be reduced at a certain extent which is mostly acceptable by all the patients. Patients generally get confused that which treatment modality should be chosen for treating their acne scar. The patient can still know the different modalities in the treatment so that it becomes easy for them when they go to the Dr's clinic. In derma roller, it is a pure mechanical treatment which involves micro needling of the skin after the application of topical numbing cream. In fact, the topical numbing cream is required in all such kind of treatments. It is kept for generally 1 hour before starting the treatment. Since derma roller is a mechanical treatment, the treatment results are very slow and it is more painful than the other modalities. 2nd, laser treatment is the best treatment because it can penetrate deeper and its energy will be released as per the depth of the scar. The downtime is definitely more in co2 laser as compare to derma roller. Co2 laser downtime will be around 7-10 days while derma roller 1-3 days.

In recent years, new technology has come up which is known as micro-needling radiofrequency. This machine has a pro with lots of microneedles and when we insert it onto the patient skin then it also emits electric energy so that the 2 mechanism combines and produces the great breakdown of the scars tissue. Cost wise, derma roller is definitely cheaper than micro needling radiofrequency and laser treatment but these 2 treatments are much effective than derma roller. So, the acne scars will definitely be reduced. But the treatment has to be continued for at least 4-6 sessions or sometimes, even more, depending upon the treatment modality, the depth of the scar, size, and shape of the scar. During the course of the treatment, you should strictly abide by the instruction of your treating dermatologist. So, that risk of complications can be minimized. And the effectiveness of the treatment can be increased. One of the most important parts if proper sun protection. So, I hope this video motivates you to take the right step in the treatment of acne scars.

Thank You!

Hi,

I am Dr. Navjot Singh Arora, Dermatologist. Today I will talk on the most common problem which we regularly see in our day to day patients which is a fungal infection. It can be seen in the age group. But most common in the age group of 10-50 years of the male and female population. In male, the most common area is growing and buttock. And in females, growing and the area just below the breast because, in these areas, sweat takes place. It is very important that wherever you think, or you feel that you are having a fungal infection which you commonly calls ringworm, then you should not ignore it. You should not take over the counter medicines. Many medicines are there which a chemist sells in the name that it cures daad. Most of the medicines have steroids. Which can decrease you that particular area immunity and can make the fungal infection more resistant to our treatment.

So, whenever, you feel that you have a fungal infection in any area of seat collection, you should directly go to a skin specialist. So, that proper course of medicines can be done. You should not leave the course of medicines in between so that it should not become resistant and keep coming back again and again.

The medicines course may last from 1-3 months depending upon the severity of the infection. Personal hygiene maintenance is very important. It is important to note that fungal grown in the moist area of the body. So, sweat collection has to be avoided. To prevent the spread of infection from one person to another sharing of the towel, nail cutters should be avoided. The person who has an infection should not wear socks and shoes for that particular time. After seeing the results while taking medicines, you start missing the appointments. You should not do that. Otherwise, the infection will come again and it will be more difficult for Dr to treat. After the initial 2-3 weeks of treatment, a symptom of itching, redness tend to subside. And patients may leave the treatment in between because they think that it is over. This is not the case. You should never leave the treatment without asking your Dr. You may not be able to see the severity of the infection as your Dr would be able to see. So, if you see any ringworm then do not use over the counter cream especially not steroid based creams. Go to a certified skin specialist only, maintain proper hygiene, avoid sweat collection.

Thank You!

Hello friends,

 I am Dr. Bijoy Nayak, Head of the Department Gynae- minimum access that is Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy and Robotics. I deal with all the difficulties and problems of Gynecological condition of a woman like removing uterus, removing ovaries, removing all the diseases which are prevalent on uterus and ovaries, whether they are benign or cancerous in origin.

Also, I operate all the cancer cases of uterus. Apart from that. all the anomalies that occurs to uterus and to to the uro-genital problems of a woman. I am also a Uro-Gynecologist working for Uro-gynae problems of a woman. I do work with Laparoscope through vaginal route. All these surgeries are minimum access and patient will have to stay in the hospital for at least one or two days maximum.

Thank you!

Hello Everybody!

I am Dr. Kunal Das and I am the principal consultant, department of gastroenterology, endoscopy. I am an expert on endoscopic ultrasound and today will talk about endoscopic ultrasound and its role in various diseases. Endoscopic ultrasound is a new tool which is combining 2 powerful procedures endoscopy and ultrasound. Endoscopic ultrasound was discovered 20 years ago where it was mostly used as the research tool. Endoscopic ultrasound plays a very important role in GI interventions.

Endoscopic ultrasound is basically an endoscope which is of 2 types. Radial and linear scope. The radial scope is one which is more rounded in corrector. It helps to diagnose various diseases like stones, GI. The 2nd type of scope is linear scope in which the plain of endoscopic ultrasound towards the axis of the scope and the advantage of the linear endoscope is that it can be used to with fine needle aspiration and GI interventions. This is used in various diseases. Endoscopic ultrasound is of great utility in the diagnosis of bile duct stones, pancreatic, adenocarcinoma. With this kind of scope these are the most important causes utilizing the end staging of upper GI.

It is the most important scope and diagnostic ability for pancreatic diseases. With newer techniques we can do pancreatic fine needle aspiration, fine needle biopsy which helps us in diagnosis of pancreatic cancers and hence, we can start chemotherapy. Also, there are newer techniques in endoscopic guidance for GI interventions. In angiotherapy, we use endoscopic ultrasound as a guide. We can do fine needle injections of chemotherapy of radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic cancers. Also, newer techniques, US techniques gastroenterostomy, where US guidance use to make a cannal between the stomach and the GI. The gallbladder is accessed from the GI tract and we put in a metallic strength between the gallbladder.

So, in those cases it has been found that it is of great usage instead of gallbladder drainage has been coming out in a great way. So, we find that endoscopic ultrasound is only a research tool. It is important in all of the GI centres so because of its utility diagnostic and therapeutic usage at this time. We also find that in certain cases where there is the mismatch or ERCP which cannot be done. Endoscopic ultrasound is a very important tool in the management of upper GI, like pancreatic cancers, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, chemotherapy. And today it is the essential tool for the management of GI in our practice.

Thank You.

Hello Everyone!

I am Dr. Kunal Das. I am a principal consultant in the department of gastroenterology, endoscopy. Today will be talking about liver. Liver is one of the most vital organ in our body. Improper functions of liver causes many serious diseases and may cause death. Liver has got many important functions in the body including proper digestion and processing of food, carbohydrate, fats and protein. It also synthesis absorption of fat in the intestine. And it also synthesis many liver factor which are essential for the normal function of the body. What is the structure of the liver? Liver is the one of the largest organ and it weights around 1.5 kg and ranges from 14-16 cms in our body.

There is the one liver in human body. It is located in the right side of below the rib cage. The liver has 2 nobes, right and left. Hence the liver is enlarged due to any reason like fatty liver or due to alcoholic liver disease. Liver has 2 blood supply vessels. The liver is covered by fibrous tissues. The functional unit of the liver. The liver produces the bile. It gradually merge into a bile duct which drains into a gallbladder and after eating the bile of the gallbladder is secreted into the glutonum of the intestine. The gallbladder is the hollow organ which rise at the edge of the liver. Why it is essential to life. Why liver is essential to life. We eat various quantity and kind of fruits which contain carbohydrates, proteins and fats including minerals and vitamin. We also consume various chemicals and drugs. The processing of the food and converting into energy which all requires for various activities.

The food energy which we consume has to be extended when it is the times of meal. The red blood cells of the body are metabolized for the liver are secreted out. Some of the products for foods can also be reused. Liver also produces bile which helps in digestion of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. What are the functions of the liver in the body? Today we will know. The one of the major function in the body. The primary function of the body is metabolism of protein, fats and carbohydrates.

Bile is secreted for digestion of fats and fats soluble vitamins. Also the harmful chemicals and drugs we take need to secreted out of the body by the liver. So, the important function of the liver which can be illuminated are metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Bile production and secretion of cholesterol and drugs, enzyme activation, vitamins and minerals, synthesis of various plasma protein, detoxification and purification. Thank You.

Hi!

I am Dr. Manish Paul. I am a Dermatologist, practicing in New Delhi, Dr. Paul's Skin Laser Centre. We are team of 2 dermatologist, 15 more people out here. Our centre equipped here with the latest skin technology including various lasers, machines, surgeries. We are seeing lot of patients with pigmentation. Pigmentation means skin darkening. And we also call it as hyperpigmentation or we can call it as tanning. What is tanning? Tanning is increased pigment in the skin. So, the pigment which is there in the skin can occur in the upper layer of the skin or it can occur in the 2nd layer of the skin. Depending on the skin, the treatment has to be decided. Every patient has to be customized. There is no one treatment which is full proof or which will address the problem of all over patient of pigmentation. So when we see the patient of pigmentation, the first thing is we need to diagnose it.

There might be somebody who has lot of sun exposure. You know who lives outside or his job required to be outside. People want that tan to be removed. So, there are various methods for removing tan. We start all our patients on medical treatments and lifestyle changes i.e. is the most important thing. So, the lifestyle changes, they have to avoid sun. Then to use sunscreen, use scarf, use an umbrella. If you can't avoid sun, we can't get rid of tan. 2nd, patient has to put some skin lightening agents. The skin lightening agents will continue with various creams. The medicines which are given, they are anti-oxidants, which protects us from sunlight and they will prevent sun damage and reduce the tanning.

This works fine when the patient's pigmentation is in the upper layer but it can hamper when the pigmentation is in the dipper layer. In such a situation, basic medicines will not work. But we have another treatment in which various medicines are used in sequence. This treatment comes from California. And Dr. Zein Obagi is the founder of the zein obagi treatment all over the world. So, these medicines are used sequentially. The produce our initial peel effect. Once the peel has occurred, the top skin will be peeled off or exfoliated and then it gives you the younger fresh looking skin. Obagi system can create a very good skin look, glow, it reduces the pore and improves the texture.

They also properly known as the laser tonic or the laser facial. Also, a patient will need 6 sessions which I give once in 3 weeks. It is imperative for all over patients to understand that lifestyle change, medical treatment, laser treatment can take away your tan, can make your skin more even, better, younger looking but it has to be maintained. You can't just do it once and forget it. 2nd thing in few people pigmentation is not just merely a tan, it can be an allergy, you will be surprised that sunscreen can cause it. So, in such patients, we conduct a test. And once you know that you are allergic, you can avoid that. So, the treatment has to be very comprehensive. We have to plan a medical treatment for you. Maybe a chemical peel for you, a laser treatment and the obagi. Putting all these treatments together, we can deliver very good results in all patients.

Thank you so much.