A medical specialty, surgery is known to treat diseases and medical problems through incisions, where the body is opened and operated on. A medical professional who performs a surgery is called a surgeon. A surgeon needs to be highly trained in the related medical field. Surgery residency generally extends up to 5 years and involves training for many more years after that.
Operation is a general term which involves surgical procedures while surgery is a medical procedure which involves major incision and medical to cure the diseases or to replace any organ. In the United Kingdom, surgery is also known as a place where the doctor practices his/her work. Patients visit the surgery to get them treated and get medical services.
General Surgery is the branch that includes especially the organs in the abdominal cavity such as the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, etc., along with the thyroid gland. Besides these, it also focuses on surgeries related to skin, soft tissue, breasts, trauma, peripheral artery diseases, hernia along with endoscopic surgeries like gastroscopy and colonoscopy.
Below we have listed the types of surgery:
Eligibility for surgery depends on the type of surgery one is seeking to undergo. Depending on the health and the medical problems that an individual has, he may be eligible or not for a certain type of surgical procedure.
Non-eligibility for a surgical procedure depends on the type of surgery one is undergoing,
Penile erection is a rare but serious complication related to urological Surgery. Like other surgeries, this one also is performed under general anesthesia, despite which penile erection can happen which can lead to complications in the Surgery. Different methods for prevention of this are possible out of which intracavernous injection of ephedrine has a higher rate of success.
Here is a list of what you must ask your doctor:
Wake up during the Surgery, commonly referred to as ‘’anesthesia awareness’’ is a rare condition that occurs. Surgeries usually commence after the application of general anesthesia that causes unconsciousness in the patient during the surgery so that he or she does not get aware of the procedure. The condition of waking up during this, being in the effect of general anesthesia, may sound not good but it is not followed by any kind of pain or discomfort to the patient.
Surgery does not usually hurt as it is performed under the effect of anesthesia that causes numbness of the whole body as in general anesthesia or a localized area as in local anesthesia. The patient falls asleep due to anesthesia so can’t feel or remember the pain. The post-operative pain somewhat hurts and is a matter of concern. Prescribed medications minimize the after-Surgery pain.
Surgery is usually performed after the application of general anesthesia so as the patient goes into a state of sleep. One of the consequences of anesthesia is that it paralyzes the muscles including GIT muscles, which leads to the ceasing of the food in the gastrointestinal tract, which in turn does not cause the stool to move out of the anus.
Surgery is a typical process. You doctor will not allow you to eat or drink something before the process. This is because, under anaesthesia, your body’s reflexes are stopped on a temporary basis. So, if you eat or drink something, the risk of vomiting and regurgitation rises up. If this happens that your food could get into your lungs and affect your breathing and cause damage to the lungs.
Your doctor will tell you how much time before you need to consume food as it will depend on the procedure. In general, your surgeon will advise you to have the food six to eight hours before the surgical process.
The side-effects depend on the type of surgery a patient is undergoing. But some common side-effects that patients generally face after any surgery include-
Post surgery guidelines too vary as per the surgical procedure a patient undergoes. But, recovery after every surgical procedure is important and it is essential that one rests and regains health as per the doctor’s advice. Even minute post-surgery guidelines should be followed for optimum benefit from the procedure.
Most surgeries also require certain lifestyle changes afterward. These lifestyle changes include a healthy diet, getting proper sleep and exercising regularly. Such changes should be adopted under the doctor’s guidance.
The recovery period varies according to the procedure that a patient undergoes. For instance, recovery after bypass surgery takes about 12 weeks, while recovery after dental surgery takes about a week.
Cost of various surgeries in India | |
Name of the Surgery | Average Cost in India (INR) |
Appendectomy | 25,000 to 2,80,000 |
Carotid endarterectomy | 1,50,000 to 3,00,000 |
Breast biopsy | 20,000 to 40,000 |
Cesarean section | 8,000 to 40,000 |
Cataract surgery | 25,000 to 60,000 |
Cholecystectomy | 50,000 to 70,000 |
Coronary artery bypass | 1,50,000 to 2,50,000 |
Dilation and Curettage (D&C) | 1,00,000 to 1,50,000 |
Hysterectomy | 50,000 to 1,00,000 |
Hemorrhoidectomy | 25,000 to 90,000 |
Hysteroscopy | 1,50,000 to 2,50,000 |
Low back pain surgery | 10,000 to 50,000 |
Inguinal hernia repair | 4,00,000 to 5,00,000 |
Partial colectomy | 2,00,000 to 2,50,000 |
Prostatectomy | 5,00,000 to 7,00,000 |
Tonsillectomy | 2,00,000 to 3,00,000 |
Summary: General Surgery is the branch that includes especially the organs in the abdominal cavity such as the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, etc., along with the thyroid gland. Surgery is usually performed after the application of general anesthesia so as the patient goes into a state of sleep and does not feel pain. Postoperative pain is a major concern that can be minimized by the prescribed drugs.