Breast Tips

The process of breast augmentation, popularly known as breast enlargement or implants, effectively increases the size of the breasts through insertion of silicone gel implants or saline implants. It is known to be popular among women and is frequently done and shows quite satisfying results.

Why do women opt for breast augmentation?

1. Some women opt for implants to enhance their figure
2. Others opt for implants, when they experience some sort of sagging or alteration to their breast after a pregnancy or after losing some weight and even due to old age.
3. Some women also choose enhancement surgery, if they feel that one breast is smaller than the other.

What does a breast augmentation procedure involve?

Breast augmentation surgery is generally performed, while the patient is under the influence of general anaesthesia. In case of enhancement with the help of implants, an incision is made in the breast tissue and a pocket is created to place the implants. Once these implants are successfully placed the incision is closed and is allowed to heal.

What sort of implants is available?
There are basically 4 types of implants that are recommended on the basis of the body type:

1. Saline filled breast implants: These implants contain sterile water and are either pre-filled or filled during the surgery.
2. Silicone filled breast implants: These implants contain soft elastic gel and come prefilled. These types of implants also require an incision which is longer in size.
3. Cohesive gel silicone implants: Commonly known as 'form stable'implants, they contain cohesive gel that is more firm and thicker than normal silicone implants.
4. Autologous fat transfer: It consists of fat that has been removed through liposuction from a part of the body, like the abdomen or thighs. The fat is then refined and injected into the breasts. However, implants done through this method is not very common and is currently under research.

Breast implants are generally supposed to last for life, but on occasions they may need replacement. Thus regular check ups are essential, so as to monitor the condition of the implants.

Lumpectomy is a surgery where a cancerous or benign tumour is removed from a breast along with some surrounding tissues. The amount of tissue removed varies according to the nature of the tumour. It is a form of breast-conserving surgery. It is also called a partial mastectomy.

Lumpectomy is the first option of treatment for women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer.

What is the goal of lumpectomy?

Lumpectomy aims to remove the cancerous cells from the breast and at the same time maintaining the appearance of the breast. Studies have proved that for early stage breast cancer, lumpectomy is as effective as mastectomy (complete removal of the breast).

Doctors may recommend lumpectomy to remove precancerous cells as well.

Pre lumpectomy measures-

If you are under any other medication or if you suffer from allergies, inform your doctor. Other pre-surgery measures include-

• Stop taking aspirins or any pain relieving medication

• Your doctor will recommend you to not drink or eat anything 8-12 hours prior to the surgery.

The procedure:

A mammogram and a biopsy reveal the exact location of a tumour. Lumpectomy is performed under general anaesthesia. The surgeon makes a small incision over a tumour to extract the cancerous cells and the surrounding tissues. Sometimes doctors have to perform sentinel lymph node surgery or axillary node dissection.

The surgeon then closes the incisions with sutures. The sutures may dissolve over time or may have to be extracted later by a doctor.

If you have undergone lumpectomy and sentinel node biopsy, you will be discharged on the same day as the surgery as soon as your blood pressure stabilizes.

However, after lumpectomy with axillary node extraction, you may have to stay in the hospital for 2-3 days.

Therapy after lumpectomy

Your oncologist will recommend a follow-up radiation therapy to destroy the mutated cells that may have remained in the area where a tumour had developed. Radiation reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence.

You might also have to undergo hormone therapy. Some types of breast cancer need female hormones like estrogen and progesterone to grow. Hormone therapy inhibits the development of cancerous cells by not allowing these hormones to reach the cells.

Your doctor will advise you to avoid strenuous physical activities for at least a month after the surgery.

Lumpectomy is a safe surgical procedure that can root out tumours or precancerous cells from the breast without deforming the shape of it.

The development of a girl’s breast at puberty is a major differentiating factor between the silhouette of a boy and a girl. However, sometimes, men too can develop breast tissue. This condition is known as Gynecomastia. While it is not fatal or very harmful to a person’s overall health, it can cause emotional distress and affect a person’s self-confidence.

Gynecomastia can be triggered by a number of factors including diet, lifestyle, hormonal imbalances etc. One of the most surprising causes of this condition is milk. This is because milk is considered to be rich in oestrogen. When talking of milk, it can be categorised as organic and non-organic milk. In order to increase the amount of milk, a cow can produce they are often injected with hormones. Milk collected from cows who have received such treatment is known as non-organic milk while milk collected from cows who have not received any form of treatment to boost milk production can be termed as organic milk. Non-organic milk may also have a higher than normal IGF-I level. This refers to an insulin-like growth factor that aids in the development of breast tissue.

The main reason milk consumption is encouraged is for its high calcium levels. However, you can get your calcium from other natural sources as well. Green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale and bok-choy are very rich in calcium and the calcium from these vegetables can be very easily absorbed by our bodies. Thus, skipping your glass of milk will not give you weak bones.

Gynecomastia can be treated. Increasing your intake of cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower can help absorb and remove oestrogen from the digestive tract before it goes into the blood stream. Spices like turmeric can increase testosterone levels and help balance hormones. Phytoestrogens like flax seeds and soy can also help treat gynecomastia by minimising oestrogen levels and reducing cholesterol.

Two ayurvedic herbs that can increase the production of testosterone and thus, help maintain a balance between oestrogen and testosterone are tribulus terrestris and cordycep. Red clover can also help reduce oestrogen levels. Sarsaparilla is yet another ayurvedic herb that can help treat this condition by strengthening muscles.

In addition to these dietary changes and herbal medicines, one must also exercise to reduce fat tissue in the chest area. Lifting weights or chest bench presses are ideal exercises to strengthen chest muscles and reduce gynecomastia.

With the recent number of breast cancer cases on the rise, it is important that we should get the examination done on a regular basis as a preventive measure. Even if someone is suffering from it, it is important that we should make an effort and learn about.

If you have breast cancer then a surgery will be part of your treatment. Based on the condition, surgery will be carried out due to any of the following reasons:

1. To remove the cancerous tissues from the breast
2. To reconstruct the breast once the cancer is removed
3. To check whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes below the arm
4. To treat symptoms of cancer that has progressed to an advanced stage

Breast cancer surgery may be classified into two types

1. Mastectomy: Mastectomy involves removing the entire breast; tissues in the adjoining region may also be removed. A double mastectomy is a procedure where both the breasts are removed.
2. Breast-conserving surgery: In this surgery, only parts of the breast affected by cancer are removed. The area of the breast that is to be removed will depend on the severity of the cancer. Some healthy tissues may also be removed in this surgery.

Usually, if a woman is in the initial stages of cancer then she may opt for the latter as it entails removing parts of the breast. They may also undergo radiation therapy along with these surgeries.
For checking if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes below the arm, the lymph nodes are removed from the body. Once they are removed, they are studied under a microscope to check if it has spread, if yes then the extent of their damage. This procedure is carried out along with the surgery to remove the cancer.

Once the mastectomy procedure is completed, you can opt for a breast reconstruction surgery to rebuild the area. You may opt for this procedure at the time of breast cancer removal or at a later stage. If you are considering breast reconstruction surgery then you should discuss it with your surgeon.

Surgery is sometimes not used to treat cancer, but in slowing the progression of cancer or even reducing its symptoms.It is important you talk to your surgeon before the procedure to understand the goal of the surgery.

अगर आप किसी पुरूष से पूँछे की उन्हें महिला के अंदर ऐसा क्या दिखता है, जिसे देखकर वह आकर्षित होते है? हो सकता अधिकांश पुरूषों का जवाब हो कि वह महिलाओं के स्तन देखकर आकर्षित और उत्तेजित हो जाते है. अगर महिलाओं की भी बात करें, तो जिन स्त्रीयों के स्तन या आसान भाषा में ब्रेस्ट का साइज़ छोटा होता है, वह खुद को भी कम आकर्षित पाती है. जिस कारण बहुत सी महिलाएं कई तरह के उपचार या पुश-अप ब्रा की भी मदद लेती है. जबकि कुछ महिलाएं स्तन बढ़ाने की दवा का भी प्रयोग करती है. लेकिन इससे पहले यह जानना जरूरी है कि महिलाओं में छोटे स्तन होने के क्या कारण हो सकते है.

छोटे स्तन होने के कई कारण होते है जो इस प्रकार है -

• कम वजन होना

• पारिवारिक इतिहास भी बहुत ही अहम भूमिका निभाता है.

• हेल्थी डाइट न लेना

• किसी तरह की दवा के साइड इफेक्ट

• हार्मोन असंतुलन

• तनाव होने के कारण भी स्तन ठीक से विकास नही कर पाते है.

इन कुछ कारणों के चलते कुछ महिलाएं खुद को आकर्षक और सुंदर महसूस नही कर पाती है. जिस कारण उनके अंदर आत्मविश्वास की कमी देखने को मिलती है. लेकिन स्तन का आकार बढ़ाने के लिए कई तरह के उपाय किए जा सकते है. जिससे न केवल लटके हुए स्तन टाइट हो जाते है ब्लकि उनके साइज़ में भी वृद्धि देखने को मिलती है. वैसे ही कुछ स्तन बढ़ाने के उपाय या आसान भाषा में कहे तो यह प्राकृतिक स्तन बढ़ाने की दवा है, जो इस प्रकार है.
 

तेल से स्तन की मसाज करें - मसाज करने का फायदा यह होता है कि इससे स्तनों में खून का प्रवाह बेहतर होता है. जिससे ब्रेस्ट की मस्ल मजबूत होती है. इसे करने के लिए हल्के हाथों से अपनी ब्रेस्ट की मसाज कर सकती है. जिसमें आप निम्न दिए गए तेलों जैसे -

1. जैतून तेल से मसाज़ - तेल को थोड़ा गुनगुना करें और दिन में दो बार कम से कम बीस मिनट के लिए अपने स्तनों की मसाज करें.

2. तिल के तेल का उपयोग - इसे भी गुनगुना कर, कम से कम 60 दिनों तक लगाए. इसका असर उसके बाद दिखना शुरू होगा.

3. मेथी का लाभ - वैसे तो मेथी के बहुत से लाभ होते है. साथ ही इसका प्रयोग लगभग हर भारतीय रसोई में किया जाता है. इसके लिए सबसे पहले इसके पाउडर को कुछ बूँद पानी में मिलाकर पेस्ट तैयार करें और उस पेस्ट को दिन में कम से कम दो बार अपने स्तन पर मसाज करें. इसे कम से कम 15 मिनट के लिए लगाए रखे और फिर धो लें. इसे आयुर्वेदिक उपचारों में काफी प्रयोग किया जाता है.

4. केला - वैसे तो केला कई तरह के रोगों के उपचार के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है. उसमें से एक है स्तनों का साइज़ बढ़ाना, जिसके लिए केला बहुत ही उपयोगी साबित होता है क्योंकि यह फैट से पूर्ण होता है और स्तन फैट ही होते है.

5. मूली - वैसे तो रात को मूली भिगोकर सुबह इसका सेवन करने से मधुमेह रोगियों को लाभ मिलता है. लेकिन स्तनों की वृद्धि के लिए भी यह काफी उपयोगी है. स्तन का साइज बढ़ाने के लिए नियमित रूप से इसे अपने आहार में शामिल करें.

शहद और प्याज - यह दोनों ही काफी तरह के रोगों के इलाज में लाभ देते है. वैसे ही शहद और प्याज का रस मिलाकर स्तनों की मसाज करने से, ब्रेस्ट का साइज बढ़ता है. इसे आसानी से घर में उपलब्ध होने वाली प्राकृतिक स्तन बढ़ाने की दवा भी कहा जा सकता है.

स्तन बढ़ाने के उपाय की बात करें, तो आप कुछ एक्सरसाइज करके भी अपनी ब्रेस्ट की साइज ठीक कर सकती है. यह कुछ चुनिंदा एक्सरसाइज है जिन्हें करने से अच्छा रिजल्ट देखने को मिलता है. इसके लिए आप

• पुश-अप,
• वाल प्रेस,
• डम्बल प्रेस,
• फ्लाई,
• कॉस केबल,
• पुलओवर आदि एक्सरसाइज को जिम में जाकर कर सकती है.

कुछ योग जैसे

• भुजंगासन,
• उष्ट्रासन,
• वृक्षासन,
• गोमुखासन करने से भी स्तन वृद्धि में बेहतर रिजल्ट देखने को मिलते है. इन एक्सरसाइज और योग से न केवल छाती की मांसपेशियां मजबूत होती है. साथ ही इससे स्तन का आकार भी बढ़ता है.

स्तन बढ़ान के लिए डाइट में भी बदलाव किए जा सकते है जैसे -

• फलों का सेवन - अपनी डाइट में फलों का सेवन करना ना भूलें. इसके लिए सेब, बेरी, पीच आदि फलों का सेवन जरूर करें.
• हरी सब्जियाँ - पालक, गाजर, मटर जैसी हरी सब्जियों का सेवन नियमित रूप से करें.
• ड्राई फ्रूट्स - काजू, पिस्ता और अखरोट सही मात्रा में लें.
• पोषक तत्व - ग्रीन टी, हर्बल टी आदि का सेवन करें.

इन दिए गए कुछ स्तन बढ़ाने के उपायों का प्रयोग कर अपनी ब्रेस्ट का साइज अच्छा कर सकती है.

Lumps are usually harmless and do not raise serious concerns. However, if the lump persists for more than two weeks, it may be a serious issue. Lumps are categorized based on their place of occurrence and each of them demand separate treatment. Learn the signs of danger related to lumps and take action accordingly.

Reason behind formation of Lumps
Injury is one of the major causes behind lumps. If the lump is painful, one must consult a doctor immediately. There can be various other causes behind lumps, which depend upon its place of occurrence.

1. Epidermoid and pilar cysts (sebaceous cysts) appear as small smooth lumps under the surface of one’s skin. Such cysts are non-cancerous, hence, can be treated easily.
2. Swollen lymph glands generally occur in neck or in groin or under the armpit. Usually, any infection results in swollen lymph glands. However, in certain cases it may be caused by cancer.
3. Skin abscess is a term given to collection of pus. e.g. boils. Symptoms of abscess consist of redness and swelling.
4. Style or Chalazion causes swelling on the eyelids.
5. Lump in the salivary glands happens due to mumps
6. Swelling in the thyroid glands may cause lump in the neck region. This lump may encompass the entire third gland or a part of it.
7. Breast lumps occur in both men and women. Generally, they do not indicate breast cancer. Any abnormal swelling in the breast must be immediately shown to the doctor.
8. Hernia or enlarged lymph gland may result in a lump in the groin.
9. If a person experiences swelling in the scrotum, he must immediately consult a doctor.
10. Lump in the anus can be caused due to piles. The small vessels engulfing the anus may get swelled piling up more blood than usual. Other than a pile, abscess could also be the reason behind lump.
11. Lump on the hand, wrist, finger may occur due to ganglion. Such cysts may develop around joints or tendons.

Signs which indicate you must get your lump checked by a doctor

1. If the lump gets hard or firm
2. If the lump gets sore
3. If the lump gets enlarged
4. If the lump doesn’t vanish within few days
5. If your body temperature rises more than normal
6. If you experience abnormal loss in weight
7. If you experience any such abnormalities
8. If the lump reappears post removal

If any of the above sign occurs, it is better to consult a doctor and get your lump checked. In most cases, lumps are harmless and non-cancerous. But it is better to take precaution.

Breast cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the tissues of the breast. Mainly it occurs in females but less than 1% of all the breast cancer cases develop in males. The majority of breast cancers start in the milk ducts. A small number start in the milk sacs or lobules. It can spread to the lymph nodes and to the other parts of the body such as bones, liver, lungs and to the brain.

With more reliable early detection methods as well as the trend towards less invasive surgery, there is hope that even more women with breast cancer will be treated successfully and will go on to resume their normal lives.

Signs & Symptoms 

It is painless, especially, during the early stage. Watch out for the following changes in the breast:

1. A persistent lump or thickening in the breast or in the axilla. 
2. A change in the size or shape of the breast. 
3. A change in the colour or appearance of the skin of the breast such as redness, puckering or dimpling. 
4. Bloody discharge from the nipple. 
5. A change in the nipple or areola such as scaliness, persistent rash or nipple retraction (nipple pulled into the breast).

Consult a doctor immediately if you notice any of these changes.

Risk Factors 

Being a woman puts you at risk of getting breast cancer. There are certain factors that increase the risk of breast cancer. Some of them have been listed below:

1. The risk increases with age; most cases of breast cancer develop after the age of 50 
2. Genetic alterations in certain genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 
3. Family history of breast cancer 
4. Being overweight 
5. Early menarche (onset of menstruation before the age of 12) 
6. Late menopause (after the age of 55) 
7. Never had children 
8. Late childbearing 
9. No breast feeding 
10. Excessive consumption of alcohol 
11. Use of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) for a long period of time

However, most women who have breast cancer have none of the above risk factors. Likewise, not having any of these risk factors does not mean that you will not get breast cancer.

Early Detection and Screening

More treatment options are available when breast cancer is diagnosed at an early stage and hence the chances of recovery is also higher. So regular breast screening is important for early detection even if there are no symptoms. Following are the ways of screening:

1. Breast Self-Examination (BSE): Perform BSE once a month about a week after your menses are over. If you no longer menstruate, choose a date each month which is easy to remember e.g. your date of birth or anniversary.
2. Clinical Breast Examination: Get a breast specialist to examine your breast once a year if you are 40 years and above.
3. Mammogram: Go for a screening mammogram once a year if you are 40 to 49 years old and once every two years if you are 50 years and above even if you do not have any symptom. It is not recommended for younger women (less than 40 years of age) as they have dense breasts, making it difficult for small changes to be detected on a mammogram. So ultrasonography of the breasts is advisable to them.

Types of Breast cancer

1. Non-Invasive Breast cancer: These are confined to the ducts within the breasts. They are known as Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS).
2. Invasive Breast cancer: It occurs when cancer cells spread beyond the ducts or lobules. Cancer cells first spread to the surrounding breast tissue and subsequently to the lymph nodes in the armpit (Axillary lymph nodes). These cells can also travel to the other parts of the body such as bones, liver, lungs or brain and hence known as metastatic breast cancer.

Making A Diagnosis 

If you notice any unusual changes in your breasts, you should see a doctor immediately. He will examine you clinically and may ask you to undergo some tests so that a definitive diagnosis can be made. Further, the staging work up is done to find out the stage of the disease and management accordingly.

Treatment options 

Treatment of breast cancer may include various methods such as surgery with or without breast reconstruction, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy and targeted therapy. Treatment options offered, depend upon the number of factors such as the stage of cancer and likelihood of cure, your general health and your preference.

Breast cancer is characterized by an abnormal multiplication of cells in the tissues of the breast. The disease is the second most common cancer in women, and mostly affects women in the age group 55-65. However, the disease may occur in men as well.

Causes-

The exact cause of breast cancer is not known as of now. Some of the factors that influence multiplication of cells are your genes and the environment. Other factors such as late menopause, being subjected to hormone therapy post-menopause and dense breast tissues can be other triggers for this disease.

Symptoms-

The symptoms of breast cancer are:

1. Discharge from your nipples
2. A swelling in the breast
3. You may have a lump in your armpits
4. The skin around the breast may become flaky
5. The skin around the breast may be irritated

Treatments-

The treatment depends on the size, grade and stage of the breast cancer. The sensitivity of the cancerous cells to the hormones in the body is also considered in this regard. The various treatment methods are:

1. Surgery: There are multiple types of surgeries which may be used to treat breast cancer. In some cases, only a small area of the breast may be removed if the size of the tumor is small. Sometimes, mastectomy is performed where the entire breast tissue has to be removed.
2. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a type of treatment in which the cancerous cells are targeted by using certain drugs which are injected in to the body. However, chemotherapy has its own share of side effects such as hair loss, sudden and drastic weight loss and persistent fatigue.
3. Radiation Therapy: This procedure involves using radiations such as x-rays to destroy cancer cells in the body. This procedure is carried out with the help of a machine that focuses radiation on the affected areas of the body.

Every woman is very conscious about her body and breast being one of the most enticing parts! For as long as one can remember, a woman is mostly defined by her breasts, their shape, and size. Although it is not the only definition of women it will be unfair to say that breasts are not important! Women with larger breasts have a natural and found confidence within them whereas women with small breasts somehow feel inferior and have low self-esteem.

For long, women had to suffer the inferiority of being in the category of small breasts, however thanks to the new and growing medical advancement which has made it possible for women to hope for bigger and beautiful breasts. Although there is no harm in having smaller breasts, every woman wants to look its best and, wanting bigger breasts is not a crime, as well!

Breasts of women are very tender and one of the most important parts in a female’s body. As we all know, mammary glands are situated in the breast of women, therefore, be careful with whatever treatment you are going to opt for breast enhancement. There is one too many forms of treatments that are available with a promise of beautiful and bigger breasts. But again, do not forget to ensure that you are getting a safe treatments and that there are no side effects. The truth is that there is no form of medical treatment available in the world which is 100% safe and has no side effects other than Ayurveda! Hence, it is only safe and genius if you follow a safe form of treatment which is Ayurveda.

Some very useful treatments include:

• Bruhan Chikitsa
• Lepan Chikitsa
• Snehan Chikitsa with Orally Dhatupaushtik Oushadhi

Ayurveda, as we know about it is 100% organic and comprises of natural extracts from medicinal plants. Ayurvedic breast enhancement treatment is very effective and has given 100% results. We are putting great emphasis on this part is for a simple reason which is the fact that breast enlargement and enhancement are becoming overly famous and so; most of the treatments available out there are very unsafe for the overall health of the body.

Ayurvedic pills for breast enlargement are becoming famous amongst females of all age. Even if the women who once had larger breasts should be taking these pills because the breasts have a natural tendency of sagging and losing their shape. In order to have breasts of beautiful shape, it is mandatory that you start consuming these pills as soon as you can for beautiful breasts in a long run!

Apart from the above mentioned Ayurvedic treatments, the women willing for breast enhancement should ensure a healthy diet.

Small breasts could be due to many reasons, which is mostly due to hormonal imbalance which could be a sign of an underlying disorder. It is just about time that you start to take positive steps towards your health which comes with beautiful and bigger breasts! Now your confidence will speak for itself and no more hiding away!

Cosmesis refers to the preservation, restoration of a body part in it’s original form. Breast cosmesis is an important aspect and an endpoint of breast conserving therapy. The surgeons who carry out surgeries related to breast removal or upliftment, need to be precise in getting the other breast in exact shape to maintain symmetry. Their next priority is to make everything look good in the process.
Cosmesis plays a critical role in a woman’s physical and emotional recovery. Being fully treated and getting themselves out of danger is always the first priority but once women are out of danger, they would obviously be concerned about their looks, hence good cosmesis is a necessity.

Factors Affecting Good Cosmetic Outcome
Cosmetic outcome which follows the breast-conserving surgery is dependent on various factors like:

• Location of the lump or tumor
• Weight of the specimen excised upon,
• Number of surgical procedures followed,
• Volume of breast operated upon,
• Length of scar
• Adjuvant treatment in the form of chemo or radiotherapy followed after the surgery

Though the best method to assess good cosmesis in breast cancer surgery is still not clear but there are certain objective and subjective methods in combination, known to give a fairly good assessment of cosmesis.

Methods and materials involved to determine good cosmetic outcome
The general methods followed to ensure good cosmesis are Breast Retraction Assessment (BRA) and percentage Breast Retraction Assessment (pBRA). These are the objective measurements of the amount of breast retraction, determined primarily by comparing positions of nipple in relation to the sterna notch between the treated breast and contralateral breast.

The pBRA technique has been proved to have low intra and interobserver variability. Lower values of percentage Breast Retraction Assessment have been shown to correlate with improved cosmetic outcomes, hence making percentage Breast Retraction Assessment a reliable and an objective measure of cosmesis.

How is cosmetic assessment generally done?
In a particular case, evaluation of cosmesis was done before treatment, around 6-8 weeks post-treatment, 3-4 months post treatment, 6-8 months post-treatment, then every 6 months period for next 4-5 years and finally the assessment was down to yearly basis. The qualitative evaluation of cosmesis involved comparing treated breast with the untreated breast using the rating system.

The global cosmetic result, appearance of the scar made due to surgery, breast size, breast shape, colour of the skin, location of the areola and nipple and shape of the nipple and areola. All these were scored on a 4-point scale,

• Excellent result with no difference
• Good result with slight difference
• Fair result with moderate difference
• Poor result with huge difference

Physical measurements to calculate Breast Retraction Assessment and percentage

Breast Retraction Assessment were taken in a live example, while patients were in a seated position with both arms at the side of the body. Both the assessments were determined prior to the treatment as well as at the follow-up. As Percentage Breast Retraction reports retraction in terms of percentage, so it was used for analysis. On each occasion both the patients and physician reported the perceived cause of cosmesis as mainly because of radiation, surgery, unknown or no significant change.