Adrenal gland cancer is a form of cancer which usually affects adrenals (tiny glands which sit above each kidney). The kidneys are situated inside the upper abdomen. The tumor usually develops in the outer part of the adrenal gland called the cortex. These hormones are called steroids and produce cortisol (hormone made in the adrenal gland) and sex hormones. 

Types of Adrenal Tumors:

Cancer in the outer part of the adrenal gland like adrenocortical carcinoma.
Neuroblastoma (usually affects children).
An extremely rare form of tumor called pheochromocytoma.
Symptoms of Adrenal Gland Cancer:

Low levels of potassium
High blood pressure
Panic attacks and anxiety can also occur
Nervousness
Throbbing sensation in the heart
Immense headache
Excessive amount of sweating
Pain in the abdominal area
Extreme fluctuation in blood sugar levels (diabetes)
Weight loss or weight gain for no reason.
Weakness and feelings of fatigue
Hair loss
Some changes in the genitalia.
Unusual occurrence of acne.
Changes in sex drive (libido).
Treatments of Adrenal Gland Cancer:

Surgery: This option can be considered in extreme cases. Surgery usually involves surgically removing the tumors. If the tumor is smaller than 5 cm, it might not be cancerous or dangerous. In this case a laparoscopic surgery is suggested.
Hormone Therapy: Adrenal glands might produce excess hormones during other treatments for curing adrenal gland cancer. The doctor might suggest drugs like metyrapone, streptozotocin, metyrosine and spironolactone to maintain your hormone levels.
Chemotherapy: This is the most common form of treatment to kill the cancer cells. Chemotherapy stops the cells ability to divide and grow thus destroying the cancer cells. During chemotherapy a patient is given a combination of different drugs at a time. The amount of adrenocorticoids which is produced by the adrenal glands during adrenal cancer is greatly reduced. The side effects of chemotherapy include nausea, vomiting, risk of infection, loss of appetite, hair loss, diarrhea and fatigue.

Adrenal Gland Cancer - 15 Tell Tale Signs You Must be Aware of

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a condition which occurs due to unhealthy food habits and sudden lifestyle changes. This condition causes the stomach acid to travel in a reverse direction and enter the esophagus. If changes in your food habit and lifestyle do not cure you of this condition, then a surgical procedure is recommended.

What are the different surgical methods of treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease?
The different forms of surgery that can be used to treat this condition have been explained below:

Fundoplication: Fundoplication is one of the most common surgical methods recommended to patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease. The lower esophageal sphincter or LES is tightened with the help of this surgery. The strengthening procedure is accomplished by wrapping the upper part of the stomach around the outer part of the lower esophagus. Both open and laparoscopic surgical options are available for this surgery.
Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication or TIF: In this surgical procedure you do not have to undergo any incisions. A barrier is made between the esophagus and the stomach. This barrier will work to prevent the acid of the stomach from entering the esophagus. A special device is inserted through the mouth of the patient which helps in creating several folds at the base of the esophagus, these folds form a new valve or barrier. Thus you do not have to undergo any incisions at all if you opt for this procedure. Those who are looking for a non-invasive method to treat their gastroesophageal reflux disease, this procedure is no doubt one of the best.
Bard EndoCinch System: This is a special type of surgery that is accomplished with the help of an endoscope. Although it is not one of the common methods to treat the problem. In this procedure, several stitches will be made in your lower esophageal sphincter so that they result in the formation of valves.
Stretta Procedure: This procedure is also performed with the help of an endoscope. But this is an outpatient procedure and you will be discharged on the same day. A flexible tube is inserted into your esophagus and the other end of this tube has an electrode. This electrode will help in heating the tissues of your esophagus. It will also form small cuts in it. The scar tissue that results from this procedure helps in stopping the acid from flowing in the reverse direction. It also strengthens the muscles that are present in the surrounding area.
These surgical procedures are very successful and have the ability to give you long-term results. Many complications such as the inflammation of the esophagus, can be avoided if you opt for a surgical treatment as a cure for gastroesophageal reflux disease. 

Gastroesphageal Reflux Disease - How Surgery Can Be Of Help?

Kidney transplant surgery is a surgical procedure where a healthy kidney is used to substitute a diseased one. The healthy kidney is obtained from either a deceased donor or a family member who has a good blood type match with the recipient. Usually, the recipient receives one kidney if the donor is alive and/or both the kidneys from a deceased donor.

Certain reasons for going for a kidney transplant surgery might include:
1. Kidney failure due to diabetes
2. Infections in the urinary tract
3. Autoimmune disorders such as lupus (an autoimmune disorder)
4. Polycystic kidney disorders
5. Obstructions in the kidney
6. Glomerulonephritis, where inflammation occurs in the kidney

Preparation for the surgery
Before the procedure, certain tests are carried out to determine your suitability for the procedure. The tests start with a psychological evaluation followed by blood tests and diagnostic tests to check for health problems. Once the tests are done, you will be placed on the waiting list for kidney recipients. Once the donor is available, you will be asked to get ready for the surgery.

Procedure: The procedure begins with you being administered general anesthesia. An incision is made in the lower part of the stomach, through which the donated kidney is inserted in the body. The next step involves attaching adjacent blood vessels to the kidney so that it has a proper supply of blood. Finally, the ureter of the kidney is linked with the bladder, facilitating normal disposal of bodily wastes. A plastic tube, known as a stent, is placed in the ureter to facilitate urine flow. This is later removed by a procedure called cystoscopy. Once the surgery is completed, the incision is closed by stitches.

Aftercare: After the procedure is completed, you will be given painkillers to ease the pain. Immunosuppressant medications will be prescribed to prevent your immune system from destroying the cells of the donated kidney. Usually, the duration of stay at the hospital post-surgery is about a week. 

Kidney Transplant Surgery and What You Should Know About It

Menorrhagia refers to very heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding or periods in women. The bleeding is abnormal in nature, and if this continues for a long time, a hysterectomy surgery needs to be carried out to solve the problem.

Bleeding during the night time and passage of large blood clots during menstruation are other symptoms of Menorrhagia.

Causes:

The various possible causes of this kind of heavy menstrual bleeding are:

Hormonal imbalance, specifically of estrogen and progesterone is a common cause, which is more likely in adolescents and in women nearing menopause. Dysfunction in the ovaries also causes hormonal imbalance.

Non-cancerous tumors or fibroids may also be responsible for menorrhagia.

Women suffering from a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy are likely to experience heavy menstrual bleeding.

Using blood thinners may lead to menorrhagia.

An intrauterine device used for birth control measures can cause disturbance and may lead to heavy menstruation.

A condition known as adenomyosis, where the glands in the uterus lining get embedded in the walls of the uterus, also causes menorrhagia.

Pelvic inflammatory diseases, infection in the uterus or fallopian tubes are other common causes.

Heavy bleeding may occur in patients with ovarian or cervical cancer.

Diseases of the kidney, liver or thyroid diseases may also cause menorrhagia.

Diagnostic Tests:

Several tests and methods are carried out for the diagnosis of menorrhagia. They are:

A general physical examination.

Bleeding diary of the woman.

Blood tests to detect anemia or thyroid.

Pap Smear for the evaluation of cervical inflammation, infections or cancer

Ultrasound for evaluation of pelvic organs like uterus, ovaries and pelvis.

Hysteroscopy, where a camera is inserted into the uterus to observe the linings.

Sonohysterography, where a fluid gets instilled into the uterus along with an ultrasound test.

Treatment:

Certain drugs are used to treat menorrhagia. They include:

Iron supplements for treating anemia.

NSAIDS or non-steroidal anti-inflammatories for treating and reducing blood loss.

Tranexamic acid is used for reducing menstrual bleeding.

Several oral contraceptives are used for regulation of the menstrual cycle. Oral progesterone corrects hormonal imbalance and reduces bleeding.

Surgical procedures for treatment of menorrhagia include:

Hysteroscopy, dilation and curettage, where uterus lining is scraped and evaluated.

Uterine artery embolization treats menorrhagia with fibroids.

Focused ultrasound ablation enables the killing of the fibroid tissue.

Myomectomy, endometrial ablation and endometrial resection are other surgical techniques.

Hysterectomy surgery is the penultimate solution, where the uterus, cervix or ovaries are completely removed.

Menorrhagia is characterized by abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding in women. This is quite unhealthy and proper measures must be taken for curing the heavy bleeding.

Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Periods) - A Common Indication For Hysterectomy

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers that men are diagnosed with. It is accompanied by a number of difficulties of urination and ejaculation. It can also cause difficulty in achieving and sustaining an erection. If cancer advances and affects the bone structure and the spine, it can cause weakness in the limbs, and also result in urinary and fecal incontinence. If it is diagnosed in its early stages it can be treated quite easily before it spreads.

Treatment for Prostate Cancer-
Prostate cancer generally does not show any symptom in the early stage but progressively degenerates with time. If you suspect having any of the symptoms of prostate cancer such as urination difficulty, erectile dysfunction and discomfort in the pelvic region, then consulting an oncologist is the next step. Your doctor will perform certain diagnostic tests like digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. After the diagnosis of prostate cancer, doctors generally check the stage and rate of growth of a tumour by determining its Gleason score.



Once the extent of the prostate cancer is known, a treatment plan is devised by the doctor. If the cancer is localised and small, your doctor will either prescribe active surveillance or surgery. During active surveillance, there is a blood test, rectal examination, and biopsies on a regular basis to monitor the growth of a tumour. However, the tumour can also be deftly removed with surgical intervention in the form of Radical Prostatectomy. There are two types of radical prostatectomy- laparoscopic prostatectomy and robotic laparoscopic prostatectomy

Robotic Radical Prostatectomy-
A radical prostatectomy is one of the most common methods of treating prostate cancer. It involves the surgical removal of the prostate gland along with some of the surrounding tissues. This curtails the spreading of the cancerous cells to other parts of the body. A robotic radical prostatectomy is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the use of a robotic instrument that is controlled by surgeons to make the removal of the gland precise and efficient. The surgeon controls the robot by sitting at a console and makes several small incisions to enter the abdomen. This procedure reduces the risks of blood loss and any possible side-effect that includes erectile dysfunction and urinary difficulties.

Robotic Radical Prostatectomy For Cancer Prostate!

Obesity is a medical condition where the body accumulates excess fat to the extent that it adversely affects your health. People having a Body Mass Index (BMI) equal to or greater than 30 are considered obese. BMI is the measure of your body fat based on your height and weight. While some people may have a genetic background of being obese, others may gain excess weight due to underlying health conditions.

What causes obesity?
People who do not take part in physical activities or exercise on a regular basis are prone to excess weight gain. Those who have a family history of obesity are likely to be obese. Consumption of high-fat and high-calorie food like processed/fried food, pulses, rice, potatoes, red meat etc. Lack of sleep and sedentary lifestyle also play a huge part in unhealthy weight gain. As you age, your body undergoes many hormonal changes and loses muscle mass as a result of which metabolic rate becomes slower. This makes it easier for you to gain weight. A number of medical conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), diabetes, hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland), Prader-Willi Syndrome etc also cause your body to gain excess weight.

What are the symptoms of obesity?
People who are obese, experience symptoms such as- tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion, shortness of breath, increased sweating, inability to keep up with physical activities etc. These symptoms, if not paid attention to, can lead to serious health issues such as sleep apnea, heart ailments, high blood pressure.

Role of homeopathy in treating obesity-
Homeopathy can proficiently manage the symptoms of obesity, and also prevent the condition from relapsing. Homeopathic remedies are extracted from different plants, herbs and natural substances that are absolutely safe for you. This branch of medicine attempts to improve your metabolism, correct your digestive system and easily eliminate waste products- which are the three basic prerequisites for weight loss. Homeopathic medicines, unlike conventional medications which restrict nutrient absorption and promote a feeling of fullness, aim to cure the symptoms responsible for excess weight gain naturally. The homeopathy component most commonly used to treat obesity is impure calcium derived from the middle layers of the shells. Homeopathic components like Clubmoss plant extract and sodium chloride are prescribed to those who have excess fat accumulated in the buttocks and thighs.

One major advantage of homeopathy is that they are non-addictive, and can be adopted by people even when they re on other conventional treatment medications.

Obesity - How Homeopathy Can Help?

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