Dr. Nilanjan Banerjee

In order to prevent HIV infection and AIDS immunocompromised, you need to have a good explanation and prophylactic referral information. Therefore, it is very important advice and explanation about AIDS. Although AIDS has been known for almost 30 years, the population is still large gaps on the subject, especially in relation to knowledge and the risks of HIV transmission. Relationships with adults infected with HIV is transmitted through blood, semen, and vaginal secretions . However, infection with the spread of airborne pathogens is not possible, as in the case of cold diseases.Therefore, the risk of infection by treatment with AIDS or infected with HIV is very low: Social contact in both work and personal lives, as handshakes, hugs and the like, is completely harmless. The same goes to say for the common use of cutlery, crockery, glasses, toilets or towels, also harmless. There is no evidence of increased risk of infection for people who share the same home or the patient environment. However, some precautions should always be taken into account, for example, do not share the toothbrush or razor, because in the case of injury to perform these functions there may be a small risk of infection. Intimate relationships hide itself a risk of infection, regardless of whether they are heterosexual or homosexual. The fundamental basis for reliable protection against HIV infection and AIDS remains the consistent use of condoms, that is, the safer sex . Safe sex: condoms protectThe basic rules for having a sex safe are blood, semen or vaginal secretions must not reach wounds or open areas of skin or mucosa of sexual partner. Therefore, it is important to use condoms , both anal and vaginal . No condoms, the risk of infection is high, since during intercourse always small lesions can occur. In the case of oral sex is important to prevent both sperm and vaginal secretions come in contact with the oral mucosa, lips or tongue of the couple. If these precautions are taken into account, they can keep sex without any problems. Add that kissing is also harmless. The condom is a widely used method of contraception among young people today. In a 2010 survey singles between 16 and 44 years, only one in ten said physical strength to use condoms; in 1989, the ratio was one in five respondents. This greater acceptance brings added one more advantage is that more and more people are protected and protect others from infection with HIV and other STDs. In 2009, seven out of ten respondents from a group between 16 and 20 years said carrying condoms. Among sexually active people, this increases even eight out of ten. More important than having the intention of having a practice safe sex is really using condoms. Between 2004 and 2009 amounted proportion (61 to 70%) of sexually active people (between 16 and 20 years) who always or very often used condoms. But also in the new relations plays an important role on safe sex : in 2010, 85% of men and 89% of women used condoms at the beginning of a new relationship.

HIV treatment is done by antiviral drugs, there are number of antiviral drugs available in the market, usually HIV is treated with combination of drugs, usually two to three drugs are used in treating HIV in initial stage, we can change the combination of drugs according to requirement of the patient. Drugs can be adjusted or increased if there is resistance of HIV in the patient.

There are number of compounds (about 22 in number) which have been formally approved (by the US Food and Drug Administration) for the treatment of HIV infections (AIDS). According to their point of intervention with the HIV replicative cycle, these compounds can be classified in 5 categories: (1) NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors): azidothymidine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir and emtricitabine; (2) NtRTIs (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors): tenofovir, administered as its oral prodrug form TDF (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate); (3) NNRTIs (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors): nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz; (4) PIs (HIV protease inhibitors): saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, atazanavir, fosamprenavir, tipranavir and darunavir; and (5) FIs (fusion inhibitors): enfuvirtide. Starting from the drugs which are currently available for the treatment of AIDS, numerous combinations could be envisaged. Drug combinations are, in principle, aimed at obtaining synergism between the compounds (reasonably expected if they act by different mechanisms), while reducing the likelihood for drug resistance development. Such anti-HIV drug combination regimens were initiated about 10 years ago and have been generally referred to as HAART (for highly active antiretroviral therapy). While HAART originally consisted of a pill burden of twenty (or more) pills per day, this has been gradually diminished over the past few years, and, since July 2006, a all-in-one pill (teevir from myelin and virotrenz from Ranbaxy sun pharma) has become available, which contains three anti-HIV drugs (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg, emtricitabine200mg and efavirenz 600 mg) to be taken as a single pill only once daily. Given the information that has been acquired on the therapeutic use (efficacy, safety) of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate over the past five years, it would now seem mandatory to further consider the prophylactic use of TDF [and its combination with emtricitabine (Truvada) and/or Atripla], as a single daily pill to prevent HIV infection. New combinations of drugs are also available which include tenofovir 300 mg lamivudine 150 mg which are very new drugs.

Now a days we can treat patients who had sex with some sex worker or any male transgender or some unknown person and during sexual intercourse condom gets bursted , we can treat them if they come to us within 72 hours of direct contact, these medicines are called POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP) drugs for HIV or prophylactic treatment for HIV, by using these drugs we can treat a patient and we can stop transfusion of HIV virus to the person.

PEP involves taking anti HIV drugs as soon as possible after having been exposed to unprotected sex with some sex worker or transgender or with homosexual PrEP is a new HIV prevention method in which people who do not have HIV infection take pills of medicine daily to reduce the risk of becoming infected with HIV virus ,PEP should be taken within 72 hours of exposure to unprotected sex before the virus has time to rapidly duplicate in your body, PEP consists of 2-3 antiretroviral drugs taken for 28 days.