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Alopecia areata is a kind of hair loss or male pattern baldness that happens when your immune system starts attacking the hair follicles, which is where the hair growth starts. This is therefore an autoimmune disease. The damage and harm caused to the follicle is usually not permanent. Specialists are still not aware as to why the immune system attacks the follicles.

Alopecia areata generally begins when chunks of hair start falling out, forming thoroughly smooth, round bare patches on the scalp or different regions of the body. Now and again the hair might become thinner without any noticeable bald spots, or it might develop and shed off, leaving small patches. This can lead to permanent balding and may also be a sudden evolution.

The condition takes place when the cells in the hair follicles are attacked by white blood cells, making them contract and drastically slows down the hair growth. It is unknown as to precisely what causes the immune system to attack the hair follicles in such a manner.

However, there are a few ways due to which people can get alopecia areata. They are as follows:

1. Since the exact cause of the condition is unknown, it regularly happens in individuals who have a family history of other immune system diseases, for example, type 1 diabetes or rheumatoid joint pain.

2. A few researchers presume that hereditary qualities may add to the advancement of alopecia areata. They additionally believe that specific factors are expected to trigger alopecia areata in individuals who are hereditarily inclined to the disease.

3. Around 10% of individuals with this condition may never regrow hair. You will probably have irreversible and permanent balding if you have the following:

   • A family history of the condition.

   • The condition appears at a young age (before adolescence) or for longer than a year.

   • Suffering from any other immune system infection

   • Inclined to hypersensitivities (atopy)

   • Have extensive hair loss.

   • Have unusual colour, shape, surface, or thickness of the fingernails or toenails.

In a few people with alopecia areata, the fingernails and toenails start becoming hollowed, that is they look as though a stick had made numerous small dents in them. They may likewise look like sandpaper. People with this condition might suffer from psychological and morale issues as well. Hence, getting tensed about it can aggravate the problem further, causing more hair loss.

Alopecia areata cannot be cured yet. The vast majorities of people who have had one episode might have more episodes of balding. Hence, whenever you feel like you might be showing certain symptoms of hair loss, do get it diagnosed by a specialist, since hair loss is not something that should be ignored, as it may be a symptom of greater lifestyle diseases. If symptoms recur after treatment, go for regular check-ups.

If there is one thing that men and women dread the most, it is hair loss and hair fall problems. In the last decade or so, the number of young men and women suffering from severe hair loss is quite alarming. The hair fall, which may be an outcome of stress, anxiety, hormonal imbalance, genetics, medical conditions, unhealthy habits, poor diet or lack of a proper hair care routine, can make life miserable and embarrassing. People try out every possible treatment to deal with the problem. In this regard, the PRP or the Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy comes as a revelation.

The Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy is a path-breaking, nonsurgical and natural option that treats the conditions of severe hair loss through hair, scalp, and skin simulations, as per the requirements. The procedure for PRP are as follows:

• The plasma contains the platelets. The platelets are important as they not only heal but also helps in regeneration of the damaged tissues.
• The first step involves extracting the blood of the person undergoing the PRP Therapy.
• Next step is the centrifugation step. Centrifugation helps to obtain the platelet rich plasma (which gets separated from the blood during the centrifugation process).
• The patients are given anesthesia at the scalp (mainly the nerves) to ease the pain.
• The platelet rich plasma is then carefully injected into the scalp of the patient to initiate the hair restoration.

The PRP therapy channelizes on the fact that the growth factors present in the platelet rich plasma will act as a catalyst, triggering the stimulation and growth of the hair follicles

Some of the growth factors that help in the hair restoration are as follows

• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (responsible for the formation of blood vessels).
• Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (triggers the growth of blood vessels along with cell replication as well as the formation of the skin).
• Epidermal Growth Factor (involved in the formation of blood vessels and collagen along with the growth and differentiation of the cell).
• Insulin Like Growth Factor (this growth factor is mainly involved in the regulation of the normal cell physiology).

For better and effective results, the therapy is repeated at every 3 - 4 months interval.

• As impressive and fruitful as it may sound, the PRP Therapy is a big no for people dealing with certain medical conditions such as cancer, platelet dysfunction syndromes, hypofibrinogenemia, severe and chronic skin problems, severe liver disorders, sepsis, hemodynamic instability, or acute and prolonged infections.
• People who are into drinking, smoking or drug abuse should also avoid the PRP Therapy.
• PRP fails to provide the desired results in the case of complete baldness.

Advantages:

1. The PRP therapy that has benefitted many people worldwide comes with the following advantages
2. PRP Therapy is non-invasive and natural with a faster recovery.
3. The Therapy is less time consuming and is quite safe.

A broken bone or a fracture can be painful and it requires medical attention for the fracture to heal properly. Proper healing is necessary for the right alignment of the bone. A doctor chooses to either reduce or set the bone in terms of new alignment. The bone reduction can happen manually or surgically depending on the severity of the injury. A Surgical procedure known as the open reduction internal fixation is performed for serious fractures. It ensures that the all the broken pieces are fixed together and the injury can heal properly.

Post the fracture, the bone need to be immobilised for proper healing. This is generally achieved by imposing a cast. For fractures that are not severe in nature, a doctor might choose to impose a temporary cast so that simple motion can happen around the site of the injury. For serious fractures, a permanent cast is placed around the injury site. In the case of a shoulder injury, a patient is required to wear a sling so that the bones are immobilised.

Time Duration of a Therapy Session:

While the exact duration of physiotherapy can vary from individual to individual, it takes a minimum of 2-8 weeks for the fracture to completely heal. Certain fractures take more time to heal. The rate of healing also depends on the severity of the injury, pain threshold level of the patient, extent of work with the physiotherapist, the robustness of the physiotherapy program, extent of the injury of the soft tissue and certain other factors. Typically shoulder and neck injuries heal quicker than a fracture of the legs. The time duration of fracture healing also depends on the type of bone that has been affected.

Physiotherapy in a Hospital:

If the fracture happens in the ankle or leg, a physiotherapist might have to intervene in the hospital in order to teach patient about using assistive devices such as crutches and cane. Things that are taught during this time include using the device in order to climb stairs, right walking posture, getting into a car, taking the device off while sitting and such other techniques.

Physiotherapy at Home:

Physiotherapy can also happen from home if the doctor specifically instructs to do the same. This is typically done for people where the condition is too serious to go outside and get the physiotherapy done. Certain weight bearing restrictions are imposed around this time. The training remains the same as in the case with a hospital.

In the Clinic:

Once the patient becomes mobile enough, a doctor might suggest a patient go to a clinic to get the physiotherapy done. A physiotherapist evaluates certain things such as pain, range of motion, gait, flexibility etc. of the patient before suggesting a certain exercise plan.

Lasers are being used to remove unwanted hair, resurface the skin to remove scars, wrinkles and boost collagen. But are they safe? This is the question that plays on numerous minds. Let’s try to answer this question here.

First, let’s look at what lasers are. They are basically radiation, but of a safe variety. Laser therapy uses non-ionizing radiation to produce a fine laser beam which in laser hair removal is used to kill the hair follicle. This therapy is used to remove tattoos, plump up the skin and is also used in dental treatments, treatment for varicose veins, skin and eye surgery and as a treatment for skin cancer.

The type of radiation coming out from lasers is sometimes called non-ionising radiation. This is different from ionising radiation from nuclear sources and X-rays which are carcinogenic or cancer-causing. In terms of cancer risk, X-rays and gamma rays are the most dangerous and are known as high-frequency ionising radiation. Yet, X-rays are used even today to take pictures of our bones.

What is important is that when this kind of ionising radiation passes through our bodies, it can cause direct damage to our cell’s DNA and can lead to cancer later on. This doesn’t happen when lasers pass through the layers of our skin. The US Food and Drug Administration, FDA states that the light energy from these lasers does not penetrate deep into the skin. The laser beam remains superficially at the level of the skin and these lasers don’t cause DNA damage and DNA mutations, which are changes in DNA, linked to cancer.

• The pulse of light energy used in laser hair removal treatments, for example, are only designed to zap and destroy hair follicles. A few women have concerns about using these lasers for getting a hair free bikini line around their reproductive organs, but experts suggest that there is no risk for cancer. 
• Experts also clarify that the light from lasers does not go beyond the hair follicle to the internal organs so fertility is also not affected. There is some redness and scarring in treated areas after laser therapy which can easily be treated by using stuff like cold milk, icing and gels.
• Lasers are also said to be safe because laser therapy does not use the same ultraviolet wavelengths which is found in sunlight - UVA and UVB, both of these are known to damage the DNA in cells, causing skin cancer.
• Having said all this, it is incumbent upon us to deliver a warning. Since the long-term risk of cancer due to lasers has not been studied so far, it would be prudent to say that those with a family history of skin cancers should stay away from cosmetic laser procedures for their own safety.

A smooth hair free skin is bliss, isn’t it? But for this soft feeling, one has to go through the fuss of shaving or the pains of waxing often. What if you had a permanent solution to this problem? With laser hair removal that is possible. Now wearing a sleeveless or tank tops is no more a dream.

Laser hair removal- This method of removing hair as its name suggest is done with the help of a laser treatment. The medical procedure uses an intense laser beam that removes unwanted hair.

The method of removing hair through Laser- A laser beam is made to pass within the skin to a single hair follicle during the process of laser hair removal. The extreme heat of the laser burns the hair follicle, which restrains hair growth in future. Laser treatment is extremely beneficial to people with lighter skin tone and dark hair.

Type of hair that is removed through laser-
Practically, laser hair removal can be done on any hair type or skin color. According to experts, when considering this method, the color of the hair is the most significant factor. The laser light which is emitted works on the pigment called melanin of the hair follicles thus working best on people with dark hair. People with gray hair, red or blonde color cannot probably experience the outcome like the previous category.

Laser Hair removal is not a permanent solution- Having a Laser treatment done does not ensure permanent hair removal. It is possible that some hair could be immune to the laser treatment. In few cases, lighter and finer hair is seen to re-grow post treatment.

One might need follow up maintenance sessions once in three months or once in six months, depending upon the growth to keep the hair from growing back again.

The experience of hair removal through laser- According to a majority of women opting for the laser hair removal treatment has explained the feeling to be that of getting hit by a rubber strap. It is more like a snapping sensation. The hair that got treated starts falling off during the span of the first one to three weeks. With every session of this treatment, there will be noticeably less hair growth overall.

One thing that should be kept in mind is to complete the entire course. This will assure you the highest form of reduction of the permanent hair. Forget to fret about the continuous maintenance. Relax and start enjoying the privilege of smooth, silky skin, year-round. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a Dermatologist.

Stretching is very important for your well-being. Not only does it help you become more agile and flexible, it helps you become better at sports and also makes sure that you have fewer injuries when you are playing sports. Here are some exercises, which are guaranteed to make sure that your flexibility will improve:

1. The runner's stretch
In this stretch, put your right foot forward and then try to touch the floor with your fingertips. If your fingers do not reach the floor, place them as far down as possible. You have to then inhale, and go back to your starting position.

2. The standing side stretch
This stretch starts when you are standing straight upwards with your arms raised above your head and your fingers interlocked. When you breathe out you have to slowly bend your upper body to the right then return to the starting position. After you have reached the starting position, you inhale again and after you have inhaled, you have to stretch your upper body to the left.

3. The forward hang
In this stretch, your starting position is when you stand with your legs apart and then you lock your fingers together and place them behind your back. Once this is done, you breathe in. After breathing in, you have to exhale by bending forward and keeping your hands interlocked above your head. You have to hold this position for 5 seconds.

4. The low lunge arch
This stretch involves bringing your right leg as forward as possible and then lowering your left knee onto the floor. You then have to lock your hands together with your palms facing the floor and your hands in front of your body. You then have to inhale for the stretch. The stretch involves lifting your arms as far up as possible and then stretching as far back as possible keeping your legs in the position they were already in. Once you have finished this exercise, you have to do the exact same thing with the left leg in front.