Cirrhosis is a severe problem of the liver, wherein the liver stops functioning properly due to long-term damage caused by its exposure to toxic substances like alcohol or viral infections. Every time the liver gets affected, it tries to repair itself through the body s natural healing process. Now, due to this continuous healing process, scar tissue gets formed. With the progress of cirrhosis, resulting in the formation of more and more scar tissue, the liver becomes unable to function properly. 

What are the symptoms of Cirrhosis?
Usually, cirrhosis doesn t have signs or symptoms till the time when extensive liver damage has occurred. In those cases, the signs and symptoms which occur include:

One could sense discolouration in the eyes and skin, giving a clear indication of jaundice.
Excess fluid might get accumulated in your abdomen, resulting in utter discomfort.
One may not feel like having any food due to loss of appetite.
You might have uneasiness and discomfort in your upper stomach, provoking you to vomit.
There can be noticeable swelling in your legs, which make it difficult for you to walk properly.
Drowsiness and slurred speech could also be associated as symptoms of cirrhosis.
There might be redness in the palms of one s hands.
So we see that there are numerous signs and symptoms which you could come across, giving a clear indication of the problem of cirrhosis.

Causes which lead to cirrhosis
There are various kinds of diseases and conditions, which can damage the liver and lead to cirrhosis. Some of the most common causes are:

Chronic alcohol abuse over a long period of time can cause severe damage to the liver, hence resulting in cirrhosis.
The virus out of chronic hepatitis B and C attacks the liver and gradually lead to the formation of scar tissue, thereby resulting in Cirrhosis.
Accumulated fat in the liver due to the intake of an unhealthy diet.
Other possible causes can include:

The genetic digestive disorder is another serious cause behind the occurrence of cirrhosis.
Autoimmune hepatitis, where liver disease is caused by one s body s immune system.
Iron is an important part of haemoglobin as it carries oxygen from our lungs to other parts of our body. The problem arises when too much iron gets accumulated in the system, which can poison organs like liver, heart and pancreas. Presence of too much iron in the liver cause cirrhosis.
Poor formation of bile ducts.
Treatment
Treatment mainly depends on the underlying cause and extent of your liver damage. Some of the treatment options which doctors would adopt are:

People should stop drinking immediately if the cirrhosis has been caused due to alcohol consumption.
As one of the reasons for cirrhosis in non-alcoholic persons is obesity, so making a conscious attempt to lose weight is must if they want to get rid of this problem. Loss of weight and keeping blood sugar under check would gradually make the liver healthy.
Damage to liver cells caused by hepatitis B or C can be healed through the specific treatment of these viruses.

Liver Cirrhosis - Possible Factors That Can Lead To It!

There are a variety of reasons why a person can fall sick. A good number of these illnesses cannot be prevented though a person may take general precautions. Having said that, in the case of influenza, it can be prevented to a large extent and it does not seem all that smart to avoid taking easy precautions when one has an option, right?

Every year, thousands of people die from influenza, which is so unfortunate because an annual shot can reduce that number by almost 60 percent. So what exactly makes a flu shot or vaccine work? As a result of the vaccine, after about two weeks or so, antibodies begin to develop in the body. These antibodies help fight off infection, specifically the kind that is targeted by the vaccine. It is important to get vaccinated for this flu on an annual basis.

Choosing the right flu shot
Considering the great number of options there are when it comes to flu vaccines, which are the ones to be injected? It is a good idea to get the opinion of a doctor to see which one to choose. This is because the choice is dependent on a variety of factors, which a medical professional would be able to assess appropriately. Note that it is important not to use the nasal spray version of the vaccine as the medical authorities have recently found that it is not as effective a method as it once was.

When should you get it?
Flu season does vary across the world, but in the US, it starts in about October and goes on till May. During this time, the flu viruses are a lot more active. When one gets a flu shot, it is this period that one needs to look out for. So, it is better to get vaccinated in late September or the start of October, so that there is minimal unprotected exposure to the viruses.

Who is it for?
It is to be kept in mind that every individual who is older than six months should be vaccinated. While it is said that getting a vaccine shot year after year reduces its effectiveness, it is still important to do so. This is because each year, the shot is altered to reflect the biggest virus threats in that year. There might be few side effects of the flu vaccine such as redness in the injected area, soreness or swelling. However, as long as one gets a flu shot in time, it is almost a given that there will be almost no time spent  down with the flu .

Flu Shot - Why Is It So Important?

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis or plaque build-up in the leg arteries. Mostly, individuals with PAD have mild or no symptoms. But with the extension of the blockages, individuals may experience disability and pain that restricts free walking. In more severe cases, individuals may develop a risk of losing their limb if the circulation is not improved. 

There are various ways to improve the flow of blood in the leg, especially for individuals with severe PAD. The objectives of improving the blood flow in the limb include improving functional ability, reducing pain, preventing amputation, and providing a better quality of life. 

Symptoms 

Symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease may include gangrene, claudication or pain in leg muscle while walking, pain at night mainly in the feet and leg, and feet sores.

Bypass Surgery

There are a number of treating methods for PAD. Both invasive and traditional methods are used to treat Peripheral Artery Disease. 

Stenting and Angioplasty are invasive treatment methods. The traditional method includes bypass surgery. The best available treatment method for an individual depends upon various factors such as severity, location of the artery blockage in the leg, general health of the patient, history of any vascular problems, and previous treatments.

Surgical bypass in the leg or Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery is usually the last option for the patients with PAD. This method is used when all the other alternative treatment methods fail or are not suitable for the individual. During the Leg Bypass Surgery, the surgeon forms an alternative channel for blood flow to bypass or avoid the blocked area and restore the direct flow of blood to the lower leg and foot. 

The risks and benefits of the surgery are calculated prior to the surgery. For the best result of the surgery, surgeons try to use the patient s own saphenous vein, from inside the leg, to execute these grafts. Surgeons may also use veins from other leg or arms or use prosthetic or artificial graft, in case the required length of the saphenous vein cannot be achieved. 

The results of artificial and saphenous vein from other limbs are not as effective as the saphenous vein from the same leg. Thus, the availability of an appropriate vein to execute this method is an important consideration that is taken into account before the surgery. 

Takeaway

Leg Bypass Surgery is one of the medical procedures for the treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease. In PAD, the artery of the leg is blocked which can hinder the daily life of the individual. 

The symptoms can be mild or absent but, in the case, where symptoms are severe, and affecting the quality of life of the patient, treatment becomes a necessity. Bypass surgery is the last option used when other alternative methods fail to help the patient. 

Leg Bypass - Know More About It!

Ayurvedic medicines teach us that the health of the digestive system is the most important factor and determinant in the long term for your health and well-being. Healthy digestion leads to a healthy life and vice-a-versa. But is it always that simple? Yes! As, healthy digestion ensures that all the nutrients that are ingested through food are assimilated by the cells that compose it. When digestion is weak, the tissues of your body such as muscles, blood and nerves become weak and susceptible to disease. 

Symptoms of poor digestion include 

Excess gas
Constipation
Diarrhea
Belching
Burning
Vomiting
Indigestion
Swelling 
Pain
Through the eyes, the Ayurvedic practitioner comes to understand the cause of the disease, he does so by examining the patient's way of life. Incorrect eating habits are the first amongst many culprits. Poor food choices and poor diet, combined, are next in line. Together they are the main causes of digestive diseases.The following points play a key role in the Ayurvedic pathogenesis of digestive disorders. The nature of its imbalance and how it interacts determines how the disease occurs.

Jatharagni: This is the digestive fire that regulates the catabolism (breakdown) of food into smaller molecules for digestion. When the body is healthy, it is able to assimilate properly. When the initial digestion of the food is very weak, it is compromised, either the malabsorption will take place or ama will be formed. When it is too strong it produces burning.
Samana vayu: This is a sub-type vata that regulates the absorption of nutrients in the body. Assuming it decomposes properly, samana vayu can guide its absorption. Not only does samana vayu govern absorption, but it also directly affects the Agni as well as the wind when it blows over the fire. If the wind is strong, the fire is strong. If the wind is weak, the fire burns low. If the wind varies, so does the fire. A defective samana vayu can cause gas, diarrhea and malabsorption.
Apana vayu: This type of vata governs the downward movement. In particular, the excretion of toxins and feces. At the point when disposal is sound defecations are strong, yet delicate. When apana vayu is defective, a variety of problems such as constipation and diarrhea manifest themselves.
Kledak kapha: This type of kapha governs the mucous lining that protects the digestive system; in particular, of the stomach. When health is in balance, Agni and vayu also protect the membranes from heat or dryness. When there is an excess of mucus, it results in nausea. When it diminishes, the membranes become susceptible to the irritant effects of Agni and the effects that cause drying in vayu. In addition, an increase in the strength of kapha can block the digestive tract and cause constipation.

Constipation - Understanding The Ayurveda Prespective!

Common ear infections: What you should know about them

The most common ear infections happen because of bacterial or viral growth in the middle ear, the part which lies just behind the ear drum. Middle-ear infections can be very painful and children are most commonly reported in children. Most of these infections are caused by the blockage of the Eustachian tube, which connects the ear and the throat, causing the build-up of fluids and swelling. Here is a guide to the most common forms of ear infections and their symptoms, ranging from the acute to the chronic.

Acute infections have intense symptoms but can be cured with time and treatment. They generally last for shorter durations.

In Chronic cases of infections, the patient complains of recurrent symptoms multiple times. Chronic ear infections have the potential of causing permanent damage to the ear.

Symptoms reported by most patients with Ear infections:

1. Pain in the ear (Mild to severe):

This is caused due to increased pressure owing to the blockage of the Eustachian tube. Collection of fluid inside the ear would increase the intensity of pain in most cases. Children will keep tugging at their ear and most likely be cranky.

2. Redness and swelling:

Both of these are inevitable accompanying symptoms in case of any infection in the body.

3. Oozing of the fluids:

The blockage leads to the fluid being released from the ear which can be watery, thick yellow or mixed with blood depending on the severity and type of infection.

4. Fever

5. Difficulty in sleeping.

6. In some cases when the infection spreads, difficulty in balancing the body is experienced as body balance is maintained by ears.

7. The patient might also experience increased irritability.

8. Ear infections can also cause a hearing problem if the condition continues to go untreated.

Ear infections should be promptly dealt with to prevent long-term damages. So here is what should be done when you have ear pain symptoms.

1. Consult an ENT who will prescribe pain medication as the first line of treatment.

2. After the necessary tests are done, antibiotics are prescribed in most cases by the doctor. Other medications for palliative treatment (to ease the symptoms) are administered. However in a few rare cases, the infection might be because of non-bacterial causes in which antibiotics might not cure the state.

3. In case the problem keeps recurring, one must visit the doctor again and get further tests and treatment done.

As prevention is always better than cure, care should be taken to avoid all chances of carrying the infection to your ear. Maintain cleanliness in and around, especially in the case of children.

For further queries; we'd be happy to help!

Common ear infections: What you should know about them

HIV or the human immunodeficiency virus is a retroviral agent that causes the immune system of the body to weaken and lead to cause the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is now treatable. Research is being conducted all over the world to formulate a targeted drug therapy for combating this life-threatening disease. No vaccine is available, which renders the world population highly susceptible to contract the infection.

HIV infection spreads from an infected person through contact with certain bodily fluids like blood and semen. Spread from one human being to another is called as transmission of HIV. Mother to child transmission, i.e. perinatal transmission is also common. Healthcare and hospital staff are at a great risk of occupational transmission. Other causes of transmission include sharing intravenous drug equipment, needle prick injury, organ transplantation and artificial insemination. Since vaccination and targeted drug therapy for remission are not available, prevention strategies play an important role in curbing the spread of infection.

A three-level prevention strategy is implemented for HIV infection.

Primary prevention- Activities that focus on prevention of uninfected people being infected.
Secondary prevention- Aimed at the provision of proper health care and behavioral facilities for HIV infected people like lifestyle changes, welfare rights advice, anti-discrimination measures.
Tertiary prevention- Aimed at minimizing the symptoms of an infected person; includes the provision of prophylactic drugs and complementary therapies.
The risk avoidance approach for transmission of HIV infection includes certain measures like practicing mutual monogamy & delayed sexual activity in the young population. Safe and appropriate use of syringes and needles is advised. Unnecessary blood transfusions should be completely avoided. Routine screening of HIV antibody should be done.

Risk reduction approach propagates the mandatory use of condoms during sexual intercourse. Sexually transmitted diseases should be treated to avoid the risk of transmitting infection. Sterile syringes should be used. If blood transfusion is necessary, then blood transfused should be evaluated well to meet the quality standards.

If HIV infection is suspected, anti-retroviral drug therapy should be started.
The only universally approved method of HIV transmission during sexual activity is the use of condoms.
Pharmaceutical methods for prevention and treatment include antibiotic drug therapy for sexually transmitted diseases, anti-retroviral drugs for infected individuals, pre and post-exposure prophylaxis and use of low space dead syringes.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis is advised for people who are at a higher than average risk of contracting the infection.
Drug therapy consisting of a combination of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine is prescribed, one per day.
Visit the physician at regular intervals and routine screening is done. Post-exposure prophylaxis is considered to be effective if the treatment is started within an hour of exposure, to effectively reduce the risk of seroconversion. A drug combination of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir and Raltegravir is given.
Social initiatives are undertaken to spread awareness and educate people regarding AIDS. Behavioral change and acceptance of social message is necessary to benefit from the social initiatives. Sex education, LGBT sex education and awareness, safe injection use programs, needle exchange programs, safe sex practice education are some social strategies implemented.
Prevention of transmission of HIV from mothers to children involves anti-retroviral drug therapy during pregnancy and post birth in the newborn child. Breastfeeding is avoided and bottle feeding is advised.

HIV Transmission - How Can It Be Prevented?

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