Hepatitis is a medical condition that occurs when an infected person's liver gets inflamed. There are several reasons that can result in hepatitis, including viral infections, heavy alcohol abuse, and autoimmune conditions.

 

Mostly, hepatitis is a result of an infection caused by a virus. Such a condition is called viral hepatitis. Today, we will talk about the three most common types of viral hepatitis diseases:

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	Hepatitis a
	
	
	Hepatitis b
	
	
	Hepatitis c
	


 

Hepatitis a

Hepatitis a is a result of hepatitis a virus infection in a person and is relatively uncommon.

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Regions, where hepatitis a is more common, are:

 


	
	Africa
	
	
	Asia
	
	
	Central and south america
	
	
	Eastern europe
	


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How it is transmitted

Hepatitis a virus can be present in the fecal matter and blood of an infected person. Hence, it is transmitted via the oral route, involving ingestion of the virus into a person through the feces.

 

Different ways you can get hepatitis a infection are:

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	Having in-person contact with a hepatitis a-infected patient
	
	
	Sexual contact with a person who hosts the virus
	
	
	Consuming contaminated food or drink
	
	
	Eating undercooked shellfish
	
	
	Being near contaminated toilets and diaper changing areas
	


 

Hepatitis b

Hepatitis b is caused by the hepatitis b virus.

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Regions, where hepatitis b is more common, are:


	
	Western pacific region
	
	
	African region
	


 

How it is transmitted

You can contract hepatitis b virus through direct contact with blood or bodily fluids of hepatitis b infected person.

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Different ways you can get hepatitis b infection are:

 


	
	Sexual contact with someone with hepatitis b virus infection
	
	
	Sharing injections and other tools
	
	
	Born to hepatitis b infected parent
	
	
	Direct contact with blood of an infected individual
	
	
	Sharing personal belongings and toiletries like razors or nail clippers.
	


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Hepatitis c

Hepatitis c occurs by the infection caused by hepatitis c virus.

 

Regions, where hepatitis c is more common, are:


	
	Eastern mediterranean region
	
	
	European region
	


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How it is transmitted

Hepatitis c virus is spread through blood and other bodily fluids.

 

Different ways you can get hepatitis c infection are:

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	Sharing injections
	
	
	Born to hepatitis c mother
	
	
	Sexual contact with an infected person
	
	
	Piercing or tattooing with unsterilized equipment
	
	
	Injuries with needles pr blades
	
	
	Sharing razors, or toothbrushes
	


The A, B and C of Hepatitis

People with sickle cell disease often experience myriad symptoms of the disease that can be controlled by the right nutrition. Reports suggest that nutrition is an increasingly significant factor to prevent symptoms such as slow growth, lower body mass, joint issues, infections, pain crises, and anemia.

There is a greater than the typical requirement for both calories and micronutrients.

The nutritional requirement of a sickle cell patient emphasizes more on vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and more similar food items. These can prevent any deficiencies in the body and also decrease any chances of disease exacerbation.

 


	
	High-calorie nutrient-dense diet
	


The usual energy intake in a sickle cell patient is normally lower than the average values. It is a case even when the condition is asymptomatic where the requirement drops to half the level. As a result, people with sickle cell diseases (especially kids) are at higher risk for impaired growth and considerably lesser fat and fat-free mass, with obesity also posing a risk. It is suggested to have adequate energy supplements in the diet to reach the minimum sufficient requirement of the body that can be done only by proper nutritional assessment.


	
	Adequate fluids
	


Avoiding dehydration is another significant factor to avoid any severe symptoms of sickle cell disease. Sickling of the erythrocytes aggravates in patients who perform hardcore physical work in the heat without drinking enough fluids. This leads to dehydration and can even result in constipation.


	
	Micronutrients
	


Micronutrient deficiencies can be found in sickle cell patients up to a great extent. Several vitamins and minerals like vitamin a, b6, c, e, carotenoids, zinc, and magnesium are often found in fewer numbers in scd patients. A significant drop in blood-antioxidant status may result in acute chest syndrome. The supplementation of these vitamins and minerals can reduce the number of sickled cells in the body. Plant phenols and flavonoids may also help in lowering oxidative stress.


	
	Calcium-rich food
	


Getting plenty of calcium-rich food like dairy products, leafy vegetables, cereals, and fruit juices aids the child's growth and development. This may lead to a stronger physical structure and a greater resistance to the disease.


	
	Omega-3 fatty acid
	


There are reduced proportions of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in sickle cell patients. These acids aid the fluidity of red blood cell membranes. As a result, they prevent sickle cell crises. Supplemental docosahexaenoic (dha) and eicosapentaenoic (epa) have shown numerous therapeutic benefits in scd patients.


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Role Of Nutrition In Sickle Cell Disease

Hepatitis is a condition that affects the liver by causing inflammation which is a common outcome resulting from a viral infection. While different types of hepatitis diseases are caused by different causes, there are some reasons like medications, toxins, alcohol, and drugs that are typically known.

 

Types

The five common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis a, b, c, d, and e.

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	Hepatitis a
	


Hepatitis a is the result of an infection caused by the hepatitis a virus. This type of hepatitis is an acute disease.

 


	
	Hepatitis b
	


The hepatitis b virus causes hepatitis b. This is often a chronic disease that lasts longer.

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	Hepatitis c
	


Hepatitis c comes from the hepatitis c virus. It is one of the most common bloodborne infections in the world. It is a long-lasting condition.

 


	
	Hepatitis d
	


This is a not so commonly found form of hepatitis that only occurs in hepatitis b infected people. This virus not only causes liver inflammation but also cannot be contracted without an existing hbv infection.

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	Hepatitis e
	


Hepatitis e is waterborne. Hepatitis e virus infection is responsible for it. It is generally acute but can be severely chronic for pregnant women.


 

Causes of viral hepatitis

It is true that different types of viral hepatitis infections are caused by distinct modes of transmission. Here are the causes of a hepatitis infection:

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	Hepatitis a- when a person is exposed to the hepatitis a virus through food or water.
	


 


	
	Hepatitis b- when an individual comes in contact with hepatitis b virus through the transmission of bodily fluids like blood, semen, etc.
	


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	Hepatitis c- when someone gets infected with the hepatitis c virus through the contamination of bodily fluids.
	


 


	
	Hepatitis d- when a person is exposed to hepatitis d virus-infected blood, it causes this disease.
	


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	Hepatitis e- when a person comes in contact with the hepatitis e virus through water or food.
	


 

Causes of non-viral hepatitis

Although hepatitis is commonly caused due to an infection, other factors can also be reasons to cause hepatitis.

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Alcohol

Excessive alcohol can lead to liver damage, causing inflammation. It can also be called alcoholic hepatitis. The alcohol impacts the liver cells directly. Moreover, it can also cause cirrhosis or even permanent liver failure.

 

Autoimmune system response

In rare cases, the immune system of a person attacks the liver itself. It leads to inflammation that can be mild to severe according to the infection. Moreover, it s more common in females than in males.

How Is Hepatitis Caused And Some Common Types?

When abnormal cells grow inside the brain and are in the form of a mass the condition is called a brain tumour. There are various types of brain tumours that exist. Some of the brain tumours which exist are malignant or cancerous while other may be non-cancerous. A brain tumour can begin in any part of the brain and spread to other parts of the body or vice-versa. The growth rate of brain tumours is different for each individual suffering from it. As per studies, every 2 in 1, 00, 000 people are said to be affected by a brain tumour in india. However, it may come as a relief to some as not all brain tumours are cancerous or life-threatening. Some are benign tumours and seldom pose any threat to the affected individual.

 

Types of brain tumor

Brain tumours may be primary or secondary.

Primary brain tumour

In this type of brain tumour, the abnormal mass of cells that originated in the brain does not metastasize to the other organs. Based on their location in the brain, the primary brain tumours may be of the following types.


	
	Gliomas: one of the most common types of primary brain tumours, gliomas can have their origin in the spinal cord or the brain. Some of the common types of gliomas include astrocytomas (originates in the cerebrum of the brain), glioblastomas (these tumours form from the astrocytes which form the supportive tissues of the brain), ependymoma (these develop from the ependymal cells which are present within the cns), oligodendrogliomas (these tumours are found to arise from the oligodendrocytes).
	
	
	Schwannomas: also called acoustic neuromas, these primary brain tumours form on the nerves that play an important role in regulating the balance and hearing from the inner ear to the brain.
	
	
	Meningiomas: these types of tumours are usually benign and have their origin in the meninges (membranes surrounding the spinal cord and the brain).
	
	
	Primitive neuroectodermal tumours (pnets): primitive neuroectodermal tumours (pnets) are rare malignant tumours that originate from the fetal (embryonic) cells in the brain.
	
	
	Pituitary adenomas: as the name suggests, these tumours arise from the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain.
	
	
	Medulloblastomas: common among children, these malignant primary tumours develop in the brain (lower back) and gradually spread via the spinal fluid.
	


Other types of primary brain tumours include craniopharyngiomas and germ cell tumours.

Secondary brain tumours ;

Unlike the primary brain tumours, these tumours have their origin in the other body parts and organs (mostly in the lungs, skin, colon, breast, and kidney) and then gradually metastasize to the brain. Secondary brain tumours are found to be more common.

 

What Are The Different Types Of Brain Tumours?

While yoga is mainly considered to be a physical process that unites our spiritual conscience, there's more to it. Meditation, prayer, breathwork, and rituals are some self-disciplinary practices that make up the entirety of yoga.

 

Benefits

Apart from physical well-being, yoga also ensures that your overall health gets a boost and you feel rejuvenated. Some scientific benefits of yoga are-

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	Increases flexibility
	


Yoga offers many asanas and styles to choose from and almost all of them contribute to improving flexibility. Yoga acts as a catalyst to increase mobility in older people.


	
	Relieves stress
	


Studies suggest that the second most cited reason for people to practice yoga is that it releases stress. Science proves that yoga helps lower the stress and tension levels in individuals.


	
	Boosts mental health
	


Some studies have observed that yoga is an excellent practice to treat major depressive disorder (mdd). Both movement-based and breathing-based yoga therapies are helpful to improve mental health.


	
	Reduces inflammation
	


Reports suggest that yoga reduces inflammation in the body. As a result, it prevents any chronic disease.


	
	Increases strength
	


Some styles and asanas of yoga can also be strength building. Yoga s effectiveness at improving physical strength has been suggested by many reports.


	
	Reduces anxiety
	


There are numerous anxiety disorders that need care such as anxiety disorders, social anxiety, and phobias. Yoga in the form of meditation helps in reducing the symptoms of the same.


	
	Boosts immunity
	


Excessive stress affects your immune system directly. One is more susceptible to diseases if the immunity is weak. As yoga is a proven way to relieve stress and reduce inflammation, it helps the body develop stronger immunity with time.


	
	Improves balance
	


Balance is important for performing daily movements. Yoga has shown considerable progress in improving bodily balance. Being consistent with yoga makes sure that you get long-lasting benefits as well.


	
	Cardiovascular functioning
	


Pranayama or yogic breathing greatly helps numerous systems in the body. Controlled breathing lowers the chances of change in heart rate, stroke, and more.


	
	Improves quality of sleep
	


Yoga improves the quality of sleep. It is also because of the aftereffects of the exercise. However, yoga has some qualities like mental calming and stress relief that allow a sound sleep.


	
	Boosts bone health
	


Isometric contractions in yoga provide a holistic engagement of bones. They also reverse the bone loss related to osteoporosis and osteopenia.


	
	Improves brain functioning
	


Yoga stimulates the functioning of the brain and boosts energy levels. Studies suggest that it can improve executive functioning, mental flexibility, task switching capabilities, and memory.







 

Scientific Benefits Of Yoga

World sickle cell day is observed annually on the 19th of june to raise awareness of sickle cell-related diseases. It is observed to increase people's knowledge and the understanding required to face the challenges posed by the disease.


 

What is sickle cell disorder (scd)?

Sickle cell disorders or sickle cell diseases are genetic blood disorders that cause an abnormality in the red blood cells. The rbcs turn into sickle-shaped cells that stick together and block the blood flow in the body.


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Types

There are four major classifications of sickle cell diseases-


	
	Hemoglobin ss disease
	
	
	Hemoglobin sc disease
	
	
	Hemoglobin sb+ thalassemia
	
	
	Hemoglobin sb 0 thalassemia
	



 

Symptoms

One can start noticing symptoms of sickle cell in a patient at around 6 years of age. However, they can differ from person to person. Some of the most typical symptoms are-

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	Anemia
	


A shortage of red blood cells occurs due to the excessive early dying in 10-20 days. It leads to an oxygen shortage in the body.


	
	Excessive pain
	


Blockage of blood flow due to the change in shape leads to periodic cycles of pain in the body.


	
	Swelling in the body
	


As the blood circulation becomes irregular, swelling becomes a regular phenomenon.


	
	Infections
	


Sickle cell can be damaging to the spleen. It increases the risk of ailments in the body that can be prevented only by antibiotics.


	
	Delayed puberty
	


Oxygen and nutrients carried by the blood are required for growth. As a reason, irregular blood flow can lead to slow growth or delay in puberty.


	
	Vision issues
	


Infected blood vessels carrying blood to the eyes can cause damage to the retina. It can lead to visual problems.


 

Traits and treatment

As sickle cell is genetic, it is suggested to take a test that can detect any trait of the disease. It can prevent any life-threatening risks to the newborn. However, we don't have a complete cure for sickle cell disorders. There are preventive measures that reduce the adversity of the disease to an extent. Procedures like blood transfusions help greatly in minimizing the effects of the disorder.

World Sickle Cell Day: Know All About Sickle Cell Disease

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