Preeclampsia is a condition that affects women during pregnancy. It is characterized by increased blood pressure and high levels of protein in the urine. Women with preeclampsia also experience swelling in the feet, legs, and arms.

Researchers suspect that excessive body fat or poor nutrition are the primary contributors to preeclampsia and eclampsia.

If left undetected, preeclampsia can lead to a more severe complication, known as eclampsia. Eclampsia can put you and your baby at risk, and can even lead to death (in rare cases).

How do preeclampsia and eclampsia affect the mother?

Preeclampsia and eclampsia can cause a host of complications for the mother, such as the following  

Hellp syndrome   hellp syndrome refers to three different conditions   low platelet count, elevated liver enzymes, and haemolysis. This generally occurs late in pregnancy and affects the processing of rbc, functioning of the liver, and blood clotting.

Seizures

Heart and renal failure

Water in the lungs

Bleeding from the liver

Reversible blindness

Effects of preeclampsia and eclampsia on the baby

Preeclampsia can lead to problems with the placenta in the initial stage of pregnancy. This may pose risks, including the following to the baby  

Lack of nutrients and oxygen, which may prevent the foetus to grow properly

Preterm birth

Stillbirth   this happens when the placenta is separated from the uterine wall

Infant death

Stillbirths are more common when the mother has suffered from a severe form of preeclampsia, like hellp syndrome.

Preeclampsia and eclampsia are linked to a myriad of health issues and life-long challenges for prematurely born babies. These may include cerebral palsy, learning disorders, epilepsy, deafness and blindness.

There is no particular cure for preeclampsia and eclampsia. Treatment, however, depends on how close you are to your due date, and how much the foetus has developed. In the case of mild preeclampsia, your doctor may recommend resting, healthy eating   that limits salt intake   and regular prenatal checkups.

Effects Of Preeclampsia And Eclampsia On You And The Baby

As the name suggests, kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, starts in the kidneys. It occurs when the healthy kidney cells grow out of control and become malignant to form cancerous tumours. ;Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer affecting the kidneys  here cancer begins in the lining of the tubes of your kidney.

Risk factors of kidney cancer

The exact cause of kidney cancer is not known. However, studies suggest that certain factors can make you susceptible to renal cancer. These include  


	
	Smoking
	
	
	Overuse of certain medications
	
	
	Excessive body weight
	
	
	Genes/heredity
	
	
	Gender   men rather than women are prone to kidney cancer
	
	
	An underlying health condition, such as ;high blood pressure
	


Early signs of kidney cancer

The symptoms of renal or kidney cancer depend on its types. In most cases, the disease does not exhibit noticeable symptoms in its early stages. This makes the diagnosis of cancer difficult. However, the signs become more apparent and observable as cancer starts to metastasize. You should watch out for these signs of kidney cancer -


	
	Bouts of blood in the urine   a condition commonly known as haematuria
	
	
	Pain on one side of the lower back (near the kidneys)
	
	
	A lump or mass on the lower back or side, where your kidneys are located
	
	
	Loss of appetite
	
	
	Tiredness or ;fatigue
	
	
	Unintentional weight loss
	
	
	Fever ;that does not cure in days
	
	
	Anaemia   low count of the red blood cells
	
	
	In men, a cluster of enlarged veins called varicocele may develop around the testicles (particularly around the right testicle), indicating the presence of a large tumour
	


Often, these symptoms are mistaken for those of other conditions or diseases. Therefore, it is important to consult a specialist.

If you encounter the above symptoms, or if you are concerned about any changes that you have been experiencing lately, talk to your healthcare provider. A doctor will enquire about the symptoms and might ask you questions related to these signs   how long have you been experiencing them, or how severe is the pain etc. This is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer.

Know How To Detect Kidney Cancer Early

The most common forms of diabetes ;are type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In type 1, your immune system damages the cells inside the pancreas that produce insulin. Therefore, the pancreas are unable to produce an adequate amount of insulin.

In type 2 diabetes, your body does not respond properly to the insulin produced by the pancreas. As a result, your body will have a difficult time removing sugar ;from the blood. The cells may stop insulin production over time that may lead to insulin deficiency. However, there are other forms of diabetes that are lesser-known but can affect you just as bad.

Types of diabetes beyond type 1 and type 2

Gestational diabetes

In gestation diabetes, a condition that affects pregnant women, the blood sugar levels increase to an extent that may hamper the health of the mother and the child.

Symptoms

Usually, there are no symptoms as such. If diabetes worsens, women may observe symptoms such as -


	
	A need to pee more frequently
	
	
	Excessive thirst and hunger
	
	
	Dryness in the mouth
	


Lada (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults)

It is sometimes referred to as type 1.5 diabetes. Here, your immune system kills the insulin-producing cells inside the pancreas. As this condition takes a longer period to develop, you may not need insulin for many months after you have been diagnosed.

Symptoms

You may observe the following symptoms  


	
	Dryness and itchiness
	
	
	Tingling sensation in feet or hands
	
	
	Blurry vision
	
	
	Frequent urination
	


Mody (maturity-onset diabetes of the young)

This condition is observed during adolescence. Here, genetic mutations limit the pancreas from making insulin. So, due to insufficient insulin, your blood sugar level goes up. If any of your parents have mody, you are likely to have the condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include  


	
	Yeast and ;skin infections
	
	
	Frequent urination
	
	
	An urge to pee more often
	


Treatment

Primary care for these other forms of diabetes follows the usual course of treatment as with type 1 and type 2.


	
	Diabetic medications
	
	
	Insulin shots or injections
	
	
	Dietary changes
	


The doctor may instruct you to monitor your blood sugar levels frequently to keep it under control. This will be accompanied by a diet ;consisting of adequate calories, but avoid fatty foods, excess sugar and carbohydrates. Mild exercise is also recommended.

The best way to prevent these conditions is to visit your doctor frequently and follow the treatment plan. Do not keep your diabetes untreated.

A Sneak Peek Beyond Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes

Hepatitis- related to an inflammatory condition of the liver. It occurs mainly due to infection caused by viruses but there are other possible causes as well. Hepatitis can be temporary or viral. Temporary hepatitis, which is acute in nature, gets resolved on its own. Viral hepatitis can be of five types, a, b, c, d, and e.

Symptoms of hepatitis

Hepatitis, in its initial phase, is called the acute phase. The following symptoms along with mild flu are visible:

Loss of appetite
Fatigue
Joint pains
Pain in the abdomen
Nausea
Weight loss
Jaundice
Though this phase is not really dangerous for some patients, it can result in liver failure leading to death.

How is hepatitis diagnosed?

Physical examination
Laboratory tests
Imaging tests


Treatment for hepatitis

Treatment options for different types of hepatitis are:

Hepatitis a: this doesn t require treatment as it is short-term in nature. In case the symptoms cause a lot of discomforts, then bed rest is recommended. The vaccine is available to prevent this infection.

Hepatitis b: acute hepatitis b doesn t require treatment either. Its chronic form can be treated with antiviral medications. This can be prevented with vaccination.

Hepatitis c: this type of hepatitis, both in its acute and chronic forms, is treated through antiviral medications.

Hepatitis d: according to a study in 2013, a drug known as alpha interferon is used to treat this type of hepatitis. Unfortunately, this only comes to the rescue of 25-30% of people.

Hepatitis e: this acute form of hepatitis gets resolved on its own. Adequate rest, drinking a sufficient amount of water, and taking enough nutrients in their food are some of the ways to get healed from this disease.


 

Hepatitis: Signs, Diagnosis, And Treatment

World environment day is celebrated annually on 5th june. This day encourages awareness and action for the protection of our environment. It raises the problems facing our environment such as plastic pollution, air pollution, illegal wildlife trade, sea-level increase, sustainable consumption, and food security, among others. 

 ;

World environment day is a reminder for us to pause and reflect on our actions and their subsequent consequences on the planet. 

 ;

When was the world environment first celebrated?

The day was first observed in 1974 in the city of spokane in the usa.

 

History of world environment day (wed)

1972- the un general assembly established world environment day on the 1st day of the stockholm conference on the human environment. ;

1974- the first" world environment day" was held with the theme" only one earth. 

1987- the idea for rotating the center of these activities by selecting different host countries began. ;

 

Why is world environment day celebrated? ;

For a healthy life, the environment plays an important role. It provides us with air, food, etc. The environment is like our neighborhood, its surrounding conditions affect us and also modify development. It is really necessary to address the environmental issues like deforestation, increasing global warming, pollution, wastage and losses of food, etc. Currently, our earth is experiencing a triple planetary emergency: 


	
	Pollution is poisoning our air, land and water. ;
	
	
	Climate is heating up too quickly
	
	
	Habitat loss
	


The deteriorating environmental conditions worldwide had already raised alarms in academic circles, among scholars studying its conditions. However, general masses seemed oblivious to changes that were not directly affecting them.

The world environment day is structured in a manner that allows one country to take up the responsibility of selecting the theme and hosting the key celebrations each year. 

Let's all come together and ensure this unique and beautiful planet remains a comfortable home for humanity. 

 ;

 

 ;

World Environment Day: What Is World Environment Day And Why It Is Celebrated? 

Potassium is an essential mineral that helps in healthy functioning of your body   it helps in muscle contractions, fluid balance, and nerve signals. Your body receives the required amount of potassium from specific food sources and processes the same. The excess potassium is eliminated from the bloodstream by your kidneys.

Under normal circumstances, your blood levels should be between 3.5meq/l and 5.5meq/l for potassium to carry on these functions. Healthy kidneys play a vital role in keeping the potassium levels in check.

In case your kidneys are unable to remove excess potassium, it may get stored in your blood, leading to a condition known as hyperkalemia.

The link between your kidneys and potassium

The mineral potassium and your kidneys share an intricate relationship. If the levels of potassium in your blood are too high, it can pose a threat to your cardiac condition   leading to a ;heart attack or ;irregular heartbeat.

Hyperkalemia occurs when the kidneys fail to function properly. Your kidneys work to balance the amount of potassium consumed with that, which is eliminated through urine. Your body takes in potassium through the foods and drinks you consume. In the initial stages of your kidney disorder, they may be able to make up for high levels of potassium. However, as your condition worsens, they may be unable to eliminate enough of the mineral from the body.

How to find out if you have high potassium levels

The only way to figure out if your potassium levels are healthy or too elevated is to go for a blood test. The test measures the level of potassium in the bloodstream.

As long as your kidneys are healthy, your potassium levels will be under control. Therefore, if you have hyperkalemia, or if there are chances of you getting it, you may have to cut back on foods that are high in potassium content. Besides, you will have to rely on diuretics and potassium binders.

How Are Kidney And Potassium Connected?

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