Our ears are small in size, but  big  in the work they do. Not only do they help us hear, but also help us maintain our body s balance. They thus help us stand, walk, drive you just name it.

Ears are also much bigger in size than they actually are. The part of the ear that we see on our head is only the external ear, there is a middle ear and an inner ear too, silently carrying out complex functions related to hearing and balance. The middle ear that lies behind your ear drum is the seat of balance. And this part is hit hard at the time of an ear infection.

Ear infections cause the Eustachian tubes   small tubes that connect the middle ear to the back of your throat   to become swollen and blocked due to excess mucus. As a result of this, fluid builds up and inflammation takes root in the middle ear, thereby causing pain.

Ear infections can be acute or chronic. Acute infections clear up in a few days, but chronic ones reoccur frequently. If not managed, chronic ear infections can cause permanent damage to the middle and inner ear.

Causes of Eustachian tube blockage are as follows:

Allergies
Sinus infection
Cold
Extreme production of mucus
Smoking
Infected adenoid, which is a tissue near your tonsils that traps harmful bacteria and viruses
There are a few risk factors associated with ear infections. It can be said that young children are more susceptible to these infections. This is because their Eustachian tubes are short and narrow. It has also been seen that infants who are bottle-fed have a higher incidence of ear infections than breastfed babies.

Other risk factors are:

Changes in altitude
Changes in climate
Exposure to tobacco smoke
Use of pacifiers
Symptoms of ear infections:

Pain or discomfort inside the ear
A prolonged feeling of pressure inside the ear
Pus-like ear drainage
Hearing loss
What is also important to know is that the symptoms of an ear infection come and go. 

Symptoms can also occur in one or both ears. Chronic ear infection symptoms can be less noticeable than those of acute ear infections.

Hence, fever and ear ache should spur you to see a doctor. You should be extremely careful with babies younger than six months who have fever or ear infection symptoms.

Your doctor will diagnose an ear infection by checking if there is a draining of fluid from the middle ear, perforation in the eardrum or a collapsed eardrum.

Sometimes, ear infections can lead to the following serious complications:

Hearing loss
Speech or language delay in children
An infection in a skull bone called mastoiditis
Meningitis
Ruptured ear drum

Causes And Symptoms Of Ear Infections

Individuals who stood for an extra two hours daily had about 2% lower blood glucose levels and 11% lower average triglycerides, compared to those who spent more time sitting. More time spent standing rather than sitting could improve your blood sugar, fats in the blood and cholesterol levels, while replacing time spent sitting with time walking could have additional benefits for your waistline and body mass index.




Wellness in Diabetes - Avoid Sitting Too Long To Stay Healthy

Phimosis, Paraphimosis are the two major issues which occur in males In Phimosis, the foreskin is not easily pulled back from the tip position of the penis. Normally, this problem takes place in younger children and this is not a serious condition. With spontaneous erections and natural manipulations, more than 90% of foreskin becomes retractable by age 3 to 4 years. Few require Preputioplasty and Circucision is reserved for Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans. Paraphimosis, is quite a painful condition which needs to be treated urgently. Paraphimosis is the condition in which the foreskin is pulled back or get stuck in the same position. Due to this the retracted foreskin, as well as the penis part, becomes swollen. 

In this condition, the fluid will build up, and thus the foreskin cannot be returned to its original position. If anyone ignores it then it can lead to major issues. This can have an effect on blood flow to the tip of a penis. And, if not treated on time then the tip of the penis can get damaged.

The insect bite is a condition which can cause swelling of the phallus and prepuce. This can be easily treated by medicine. Differential diagnosis Penile edema, which is related to insect bites, allergic reactions, and trauma. 

Causes of Phimosis and Paraphimosis: 

Scar tissue: Any kind of infections can create the scratch marks on the foreskin. This can also affect the penis. Thus because of tough tissues, it is somewhat difficult to pull it back.    Pull and stretch: It is important that one should not forcefully move the foreskin. Pulling it or stretching the tip of penis vigorously can cause inflammation. 
Medical conditions: If anyone is suffering from diabetes, then there are chances of having a infection known as balanitis. This is typically an infection which takes place at the tip of the penis. 
Thus, in this case, it is necessary to discuss the problem with your doctor. Therefore, after going through your complete medical history, he can suggest you the best treatment which can manage the swelling of the penis. 

Why Paraphimosis happens? 

Mishandled foreskin 
Piercing 
Treatment and cure for Paraphimosis: 
The manual reduction is the first treatment which is suggested by your doctor. In this procedure, analgesic is given as a pain killer through the mouth. Other than this local anesthetic block is applied to your penis. Or applying anesthetic jelly in a local area is quite helpful during manual reduction. Injections of hyaluronidase are also effective to decrease the swelling.

How Surgery Can Help Manage Swelling Of Penis?

A loss of tooth or teeth is one of the biggest dental problems that someone can face. The irony is that people consider loss of teeth to be very insignificant. But in reality loss of teeth can lead to not only cosmetic problems, but also functional problems and an unstable chewing mechanism.

Loss of teeth can lead to many problems. Some of them are:
1. Supra eruption of opposing teeth
2. Compromised efficiency of chewing
3. Adjacent teeth might drift into the space created by missing teeth
4. Food tend to accumulate between teeth, which have moved
5. Food accumulation also leads to periodontal disease and caries
6. A lopsided chewing pattern as there is loss of equilibrium in the mechanism of chewing
7. The extracted area might reveal a loss of bone height
8. Problems of the temporomandibular joints, like closed bite and tmj osteoarthritis
9. The existing functional teeth might lead to problems due to overload
10. There are increased chances of cheek biting due to collapse of the cheek in the missing space, thus leading to functional and cosmetic problems
11. The frequency of tongue biting and ulceration might increase in the area of missing teeth or tooth
When missing teeth are replaced, one can easily restore the healthy look of the teeth and also prevent any other dental problems which are due to the missing teeth.

While replacement of the missing teeth it is of utmost importance that the equilibrium is maintained with the distribution of the forces caused by chewing. Care is also taken that the cosmetic outlook is also maintained in the treatment. 

Ideally the teeth when extracted or lost should be immediately replaced. This is because the replacement prevents the bone resorption or bone loss in the area and also retains the good bone. But a drawback is that such an immediate replacement might lead to limitation. Immediate treatment is usually done with the help of implants which easily fit in the sockets created by extraction. But even for this an analysis of the bone and gum health is necessary, thus leading to only a few instances for such replacements. Other alternative is that immediate removable dentures can be prepared and these can be replaced once the gums of the area have healed. The time period for this is usually 3 months. If these need to be fixed permanently then a waiting period of 3 months is mandatory for the settling and healing of the gums and bone of the area.

The 3 basic ways of fixing missing teeth are through implants, fixed bridgework (bridges and crowns) and dentures, which can be removed.

Missing Teeth and Problems Associated With It

Dementia is the declining condition of the brain to function that interferes with daily life. It is not a disease but rather various symptoms. In such a condition, the communicative skills, as well as cognitive functions of the patient, compromised. Dementia is knowns to affect the functioning of memory, visual perception, and attention. These symptoms often cause disorientation, impaired judgment, and depression.

Speech therapy in Dementia is a way in which a speech-language pathologist can help the patients in maintaining a certain level of independence in themselves. Speech therapy helps in stimulating the cognitive abilities of the patient by engaging and practicing certain activities.

There are certain ways in which the cognitive functioning of the brain can be stimulated:

Spaced Retrieval errorless learning

Memory books and other Memory Aids

The speech therapists determine the changes in how a person is eating, swallowing, and drinking. The changes, if directed towards the improper cognitive abilities, are managed by certain strategies.

Other than normal activities, the person with Dementia also faces difficulty in communication aspects. It can either be verbal or non-verbal or both which includes gesturing, speaking, writing, and reading. The major areas that get affected by Dementia include social interaction, behavioral self-regulation, academic performance, as well as vocational performance.

It can get difficult to communicate with the person showing symptoms of Dementia. Hence, there are certain ways to help such situations.

Speaking Way

Speak calmly and clearly

Speak at a slower pace, so that the person processes the information and respond accordingly

Avoid speaking in sharp or loud voices

It is advisable to use simple and short sentences

Try speaking in a humorous way

You can also try to indulge them in conversations with others

Include them in a social group. Doing this can help in maintaining a sense of identity for the person with Dementia

Apart from this, speech therapists suggest that there are certain things you can talk about with the person of Dementia.

Whatever you are saying, say in a positive way

Try and avoid the direct questions

If you re asking questions, ask one at a time and try framing them in  yes  or  no  category

Try another way if the person cannot understand too complicated information. Don t repeat the same sentences.

Try to break down too much information in simpler explanations and sentences

A person with Dementia may have difficulty in determining particular information to be true or false. In such a case, try not to contradict them directly rather try to steer the conversation around the topic.

Take Away
A person showing symptoms of Dementia may have difficulty in carrying out simpler tasks of everyday life. Moreover, the patient may show certain behavioral, social, and physical imbalance. Such imbalance is caused by the declining cognitive abilities of the person. A speech therapist can help to overcome these disabilities through persistent training and practice.

Dementia - Know Speech Therapy For It!

Fissure in Ano, also known as Anal Fissure, is basically a small longitudinal cut in skin that lines the opening of the anus. Fissures cause bleeding and severe pain in the bowel movements. These are very common in the general public, but often confused with other pain. A fissure can happen at any point in your lifetime and can have equal general distribution.

Types of Fissure in Ano:

  Acute Fissure: Fissure in Ano less than 6 weeks of duration is known as Acute Fissure.

  Chronic Fissure: Anal Fissure with more than 6 weeks of duration is known as Chronic Fissure. 

Causes of Fissures in Ano:

  Anal fissures are basically caused by stretching of the anal muscles beyond its capability.

  In adults, it is caused by the passing of large stools, constipation or by prolonged diarrhea.   In older adults it is caused by the less flow of blood to that area.

  It is also caused by sexually transmitted infections (syphilis, chlamydia, herpes) and it results in fissures.

  Anal sex can also be the cause of fissures.

Symptoms of Fissures in Ano:

  Tear in the skin around the anus

  Small lump of skin, or skin tag next to the tear

  Pain during bowel movement

  Stools with blood or pus

  Itching and burning in the anal area 

Preventions During Fissures in Ano:

  One should drink enough water.

  One should have high fibre diet so that one does not suffer from constipation.

  Be careful and hygienic after anal defecation.

  In case of suspected fissure or any kind of pain, use a lubricating ointment.

  Sit in lukewarm water

Treatment for Fissures in Ano

Surgical treatments are not recommended, but there are some other measures that can be taken and are listed as follows:

  Some prescribed medication to lower the severity of pain.

  Nitroglycerin ointment may help heal the fissure.

  Having a rich fiber diet as a lifestyle change.

  Drink enough water as that helps in softening the stool.

  Sometimes Stool softeners may be required to soften the bowel movement.

When Anal Fissure does not heal with all of the above listed things, then a surgery may be required:

  Lower most part of the internal anal sphincter is divided laterally. With this acute fissure heals of its own. In chronic cases one may require to undergo fissurectomy.

  The surgery decreases the anal pain and spasm, allowing the fissure to heal.

  If a sentinel pile is present, it is removed to heal the fissure. 

It is important to note that any kind of treatment requires 6-10 weeks to recover. However, the pain may disappear just after 2-4 days after the surgery. One must consult a doctor before going for any treatment. This surgery can also be performed with LASER,where there is less trauma and early recovery is posssible.

Fissure In Ano

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