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The doctor or nurse (or optometrist) asks you to read off the lines of letters, starting at the top and going down, until you can no longer read any further (because the letters are too small). Your numerical result is then generated by comparing you to an arbitrary "normal" standard. The first number is the distance you were standing from the chart- say, 6 meters. The second number is a measure of how well you did in terms of reading the tiny letters as compared to the "normal" person. For example, if you read just as well as a normal person, you'd get a 6 for your second number: you read the chart as well as a normal person would from 6 meters away. So your score would be 6/6: while standing 6 meters from the chart (first 6), you read as well as a normal person would standing 6 meters from the chart (second 6). You have "normal" vision. But say your vision is failing, and you read small letters poorly. Perhaps you were standing 6 meters from the chart, but only read as well as "normal" person would when they were standing 9 meters away. Then your score would be a 6/9: while standing 6 meters from the chart, you read as well as a "normal" person would when standing 9 meters from the chart.
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