Type 1 Respiratory Failure

Dr. Julie Mercy J DavidErasmus Mundus Master in Adapted Physical Activity, MPT, BPTh/BPTPhysiotherapist

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Muscular dystrophy is a group of rare inherited muscle disease in which muscle fibers are unusually susceptible to damage. Muscles, primarily voluntary muscle ,become progressively weaker. In the late stage of muscular dystrophy ,fat and connective tissue often replace muscle fibers. In some type of muscular dystrophy, heart muscle, other involuntary muscles, and other organs are affected. Although there's no cure for any form of muscular dystrophy, treatment for some forms of the disease can help extend the time a person with the disease can remain mobile and help with heart and lung muscle strength. Trials of new therapies are ongoing. Unfortunately, there isn't anything you can do to prevent getting muscular dystrophy. If you have the disease, these steps can help you enjoy a better quality of life: eat a healthy diet to prevent malnutrition. Researchers are still looking for a way to cure muscular dystrophy. Disease symptoms get worse over time, but these treatments can help: physical and occupational therapies strengthen and stretch muscles. These therapies can help you maintain function and range of motion. Speech therapy helps those who have problems swallowing. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone and deflazacort, may slow disease progression. Surgery relieves tension on contracted muscles and corrects spine curvature (scoliosis). Heart assist devices, such as pacemakers, treat heart rhythm problems and heart failure. Medical devices, such as walkers and wheelchairs, can improve mobility and prevent falls. Respiratory care, such as cough-assist devices and respirators, aid breathing. 

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Dr. Julie Mercy J DavidErasmus Mundus Master in Adapted Physical Activity, MPT, BPTh/BPTPhysiotherapist

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Clubbing of the fingers, also described as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (hoa), is an enlargement of the ends of the fingers accompanied by a downward sloping of the nails. You can have primary hoa, which is simply a clubbed appearance of your fingers that is not associated with any health problems. Or you can develop secondary clubbing, which is caused by health problems such as lung cancer and heart disease. 1 clubbing of fingers desherinka / wikimedia commons / cc by-sa 4.0 the clubbing itself is not harmful, but since it can be a sign of disease, it is important that your medical team identifies the cause and that you are treated for your underlying condition. Also known as clubbing is also referred to as clubbed fingers, digital clubbing, watch-glass nails, drumstick fingers, hippocratic fingers, hippocratic nails. Clubbing symptoms verywell/jessica olah symptoms clubbing can involve your fingers and/or toes. It is typically bilateral (affecting both hands and/or feet) and it should be equal in terms of its extent on both sides. If you or your child has primary hoa, then your fingers or toes may naturally appear large, bulging, and rounded. This will be noticeable during childhood or during the teenage years, and it will not change much over time. With primary hoa, other family members are also likely to have finger and/or toe clubbing. 1 secondary clubbing happens gradually, and it causes a change in the appearance of your fingers and/or toes. With secondary clubbing, which is caused by disease, you would also have other features that are not seen in primary clubbing. Features of secondary clubbing include: softening of the nails nail beds that soften and feel spongy nails that seem to "float" instead of being firmly attached to your fingers disappearing of the angle between your nails and cuticle enlargement or bulging of the distal portion of your finger (where your finger meets your nail) warm, red nail beds nails that curve downward and look like the bottom of the round part of a spoon eventually, the nail and skin around the nail may become shiny, and the nail develops ridging. 1 causes primary clubbing is hereditary, and it is passed down via genes. Hereditary clubbing is simply a physical feature, like the color of your eyes or your height. Several genes have been associated with primary clubbing, including the hpgd gene and the slco2a1 gene. 2 secondary clubbing occurs as one of the effects of chronic lung and heart disease. Lung cancer is the most common cause of clubbing. This sign is also associated with a number of other chronic illnesses, including conditions that involve the thyroid gland or the digestive system. 1 there are a number of health risk factors associated with secondary clubbing, including: 3 lung cancer interstitial pulmonary fibrosis lung abscess pulmonary tuberculosis pulmonary lymphoma congestive heart failure infective endocarditis cyanotic congenital heart disease bronchiectasis cystic fibrosis other types of cancer, including liver, gastrointestinal or hodgkin lymphoma inflammatory bowel disease liver cirrhosis gastrointestinal neoplasms celiac disease dysentery graves' disease an overactive thyroid gland how disease affects nail beds the medical conditions that can cause clubbing are generally associated with decreased oxygen levels. Experts suggest that clubbing occurs as your body undergoes changes in response to low oxygen. Several processes affect the nail beds in secondary clubbing. The nail enlargement occurs due to the growth of excess soft tissue beneath the nail beds. The enlargement is associated with inflammation and a proliferation of small blood vessels in the nail beds. 1 a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates the growth of blood vessels, and this protein is considered a major factor in the physical changes that occur in clubbing. 4 common complications of copd diagnosis clubbing can be subtle, so it may be difficult for you and your medical team to verify this change in your digits. There are a few objective criteria that are used to assess clubbing, and they can help in determining whether you have developed this physical change: lovibond's profile sign: normally, there is a sharp angle between the nail bed and the cuticle. When you have clubbing, the natural angle is lost as the nail angles down instead of up. Distal/interphalangeal depth ratio: the phalanges of your finger are the sections between each bending joint. Your distal phalange, the one that includes your nail, is normally shorter depth-wise than the neighboring phalange. Clubbing is indicated when the opposite is true. Schamroth's sign: the sharp angle between your nail bed and cuticle forms a tiny diamond-shaped hole when you place your hands together with the top of your nails facing each other. When this gap disappears, it is described as schamroth's sign. 4 assessing underlying conditions often, clubbing develops due to a chronic medical condition that was diagnosed years before the clubbing developed. When you start to have clubbing of your digits, your medical team will evaluate you to identify any underlying disease that could be causing it. Even if you have an established lung or heart condition, your medical team will assess your condition to identify any progression that could require an adjustment of your treatment. Tests that you may need in the evaluation of clubbing include: 1 a physical examination to assess for signs such as weight loss, difficulty breathing, skin changes, alterations in your pulse, or altered blood pressure a pulse oximeter to measure your blood oxygen level pulmonary function tests (pfts) arterial blood gas test chest imaging tests, such as chest x-ray or chest computerized tomography (ct) blood tests, including complete blood count (cbc), electrolyte levels, liver function tests (lfts), and/or thyroid tests an electrocardiogram (ekg) or echocardiogram to assess your heart function abdominal imaging tests such as ct or ultrasound a biopsy if there is a concerning lesion noted on an imaging test how lung cancer is diagnosed treatment usually, the abnormal shape and size of the digits do not cause health problems, but any underlying disease that causes clubbing needs to be medically and/or surgically managed, as appropriate. Treatments may prevent your clubbing from worsening and, in rare cases, can reverse some or all of the physical features of clubbing. 1 there are a variety of approaches used to treat the underlying cause of clubbing. Your treatment will depend on your situation. You may need management of respiratory disease, treatment of heart disease, or interventional therapy for cancer. Treatments may include: anti-inflammatory treatment for inflammatory conditions, including some pulmonary and gastrointestinal diseases hormone replacement pacemaker implantation to improve heart function a word from verywell if you notice that your fingers are clubbing, be sure to discuss this with your healthcare provider. Clubbing can be diagnosed in your healthcare provider's office. Although clubbing itself is harmless and doesn't require treatment, it is often as. 

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Dr. Hara Prasad MishraMBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of SurgeryGeneral Physician

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Hello dear, sorry to know about ill health. Your mother is covid negative. The report only suggests different biological and clinical interpretations on the basis of different values and various gene positivity. Hope I have briefly answered your query. Kindly do not self medicate, as it might be harmful for you. Take a balanced diet and adequate fluid intake. Practice relaxation and meditation techniques. In case you have more doubts or queries, please book a private / online consultation (hp0d9a is my code) so that we can discuss in detail your problems and you can feel relieved after finding your answers. Medicine can not be advised for open question, for medicine contact on private consultation. Best wishes stay safe stay healthy. 

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Dr. Pranaw Kumar SharmaM.D( DIABETOLOGY)Diabetologist

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Hii lybrate-user ji your question is very good, actually these types of symptoms happen when patient suffering from diabetes with cronic cough with fatche sputum then trachea will be lasserated and liver becomes in destroy position in this case through heart blood comes up on tracheal route to output through mouth with high vomiting pressure now in this case patient's respiratory system becomes block quickly quickly as vomiting comes with bloody then no any respiratory sections are going in work and so finally patient dies. All these process is known as nasopharyngeal respiratory failure due to blood viscous vomiting. If you more want to know about it then you can call me on mobile. 

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Dr. Sajeev KumarC.S.C, D.C.H, M.B.B.SGeneral Physician

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Sweating is the natural process of the body through which it releases its toxins, but what if that natural course of action becomes deviant by becoming a disorder? Excessive sweating, or hyperhidrosis, is a disorder that is out of the ordinary and so atypical that it can even embarrass you. So, before you face some more trouble because of excessive sweating, get rid of it by trying out some of the provided home remedies below. Causes of Excessive Sweating Various reasons that can cause your body to sweat in excess can be: Excess weight Hormonal fluctuations Anxiety disorder Depression Anger Diabetes Heart or lung disease Parkinson’s disease Heart failure Over-the-counter medication Alcohol abuse Shingles Respiratory problems Hyperthyroidism Gout Injury in the spinal cord Pregnancy Menopause Symptoms of Excessive Sweating A number of signs and symptoms, which can make out that the person is suffering from hyperhidrosis, are: Wet and moist palms and soles Visible sweating that even drenches the clothes Discoloration of the affected area Maceration of the skin Foot odour Cracking and scaling of the skin Home Remedies for Excessive Sweating 1. Natural Vinegar Intake of two teaspoons of natural vinegar and one teaspoon of apple cider vinegar thrice in a day is an excellent remedy to cure the excessive sweating. Take this mixture on an empty stomach- half an hour after or before the meal. 2. Tomato Juice Every day drink a glass of fresh tomato juice made at home to get rid of the problem of excessive sweating. 3. Herbal Tea Sage tea has proven to be a great remedy to cure the troubles of excessive sweating. Brew some sage herbs in warm water and let them cool. Drink this every day as sage is rich in magnesium and Vitamin B, which reduces the activities of sweat glands. This remedy is especially meant for stopping excessive sweating in the underarms. Green tea is equally effective if you do not get sage herbs easily. 4. Potato This is the easiest remedy to get rid of too much sweating. Simply cut slices of potato and rub them u.Grapes Eating grapes every day can soothe out the problem of extreme sweating. It has natural antioxidants and it balances the temperature of the body. 5. Salt Mix a tablespoon of salt with lime juice and massage your hands with this mix. It will decelerate the activities of sweat glands and will cure excessive sweating. Under your arms and the areas, which sweat more. Home Remedies for Excessive Sweating 1.Natural Vinegar. Intake of two teaspoons of natural vinegar and one teaspoon of apple cider vinegar thrice in a day is an excellent remedy to cure the excessive sweating. 2.Tomato Juice. 3.Herbal Tea. 4.Potato. 5.Corn-starch and Baking Soda. 6.Wheatgrass Juice. 7.Tannic Acid. 8.Coconut Oil. Heavy sweating (also known as hyperhidrosis) is a very real and embarrassing problem, but there are some effective ways to treat it. What Is Hyperhidrosis? Hyperhidrosis, or excessive sweating, is a common disorder which produces a lot of unhappiness. An estimated 2-3% of people suffer from excessive sweating of the underarms (axillary hyperhidrosis) or of the palms and soles of the feet (palmoplantar hyperhidrosis). Underarm problems tend to start in late adolescence, while palm and sole sweating often begins earlier, around the age 13 (on the average). Untreated, these problems may continue throughout life. Sweating is embarrassing, it stains clothes, ruins personal contact, and complicates business and social interactions. Severe cases can have serious practical consequences as well, making it hard for people who suffer from it to hold a pen, grip a car steering wheel, or shake hands. Causes OF Hyperhidrosis:- Although neurologic, endocrine, infectious, and other systemic diseases can sometimes cause hyperhidrosis, most cases occur in people who are otherwise healthy. Heat and emotions may trigger hyperhidrosis in some, but many who suffer from hyperhidrosis sweat nearly all their waking hours, regardless of their mood or the weather. Antiperspirants This may be the first treatment that a dermatologist recommends. It is affordable. When applied as directed, an antiperspirant can be effective. Your dermatologist may recommend a regular or clinical-strength antiperspirant. Some patients need a stronger antiperspirant and receive a prescription for one. Iontophoresis (the no-sweat machine) If excessive sweating affects your hands, feet, or both areas, this may be an option. You will use this treatment at home. It requires you to immerse your hands or feet in a shallow pan of tap water. As you do this, a medical device sends a low-voltage current through the water. Many people obtain relief. Some people dislike that this treatment can be time-consuming. Uses: Hands and feet It works by the electric current shuts down the treated sweat glands temporarily. Side effects: Some people develop: •Dry skin •Irritated skin •Discomfort during treatment Prescription medicine Some patients receive a prescription for a medicine that temporarily prevents them from sweating. These medicines work throughout the body. However we cannot prescribe in open question answer session as a rule but you can ask in consultation. These medicines prevent the sweat glands from working. Athletes, people who work in a hot place, and anyone who lives in a warm climate should use extreme caution when using this treatment. The body may not be able to cool itself. Uses: These medicines can effectively treat sweating that involves entire body. This medicine also can be an effective treatment for post-menopausal women who sweat excessively only from their head. Side effects: The medicines that prevent the sweat glands from working can cause: •Dry mouth •Dry eyes •Blurry vision •Heart palpations (abnormal heartbeat) Surgery If other treatments fail to bring relief, surgery may be considered. Surgery is permanent and carries risks. The following surgeries can stop excessive sweating: •Surgically remove sweat glands •Sympathectomy A dermatologist can surgically remove sweat glands from the underarms. This surgery can be performed in a dermatologist’s office. Only the area to be treated is numbed, so the patient remains awake during the surgery. A dermatologist may use one or more of the following surgical techniques to remove sweat glands from the underarms: •Excision (cut out sweat glands) •Liposuction (remove with suction) •Curettage (scrape out) •Laser surgery (vaporize) Sympathectomy is another surgery used to treat hyperhidrosis. This is major surgery, which a surgeon performs in an operating room. During sympathectomy, the surgeon tries to stop the nerve signals that your body sends to the sweat glands. To do this, the surgeon will cut or destroy certain nerves. To find these nerves, the surgeon inserts a mini surgical camera into the patient’s chest just beneath the underarm. The patient’s lung must be temporarily collapsed so that the surgeon can cut or destroy nerves. Uses: •Surgical removal of sweat glands is used to treat the underarms •Sympathectomy is mainly used to treat the palms. 

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Dr. Mool Chand GuptaMD - Pulmonary, DTCDPulmonologist

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Type 2 respiratory failure means retension of carbon dioxide in blood and increase Ph. COPD is a gradualy progressing dis. Avoid smoking. Dust exposure. Have adult vaccination, Join a pulmonary rehabilitation. Have good pharmocotherapy as advise d by a respiratory phy. 

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Dr. H. PrathameshBHMS, PGDM (Emergency Medical services)Homeopath

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Hi. Continue previous medication. Along with that few homeopathic medicines like spongia tosta, antim tart etc etc helps for lung related issues. It might help to certain extent I guess so. If Bp is not recordable then admit her nearby hospital urgently. Take care. 

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Dr. Akshata BhatMBBS, MD - PsychiatryPsychiatrist

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You have diabetes and require medication. I cannot comment on homeopathy or ayurveda regarding the same. Your sugar is very high, and given the HbA1c report, it has been high for a while. Diabetic foot when untreated or when the sugar is uncontrolled, leads to sepsis, and eventually amputation (cutting off the infected toe or leg). I suggest you visit a physician who will advise appropriate medication, even if he does give you a scary lecture. Your situation is definitely scary. You will also require lifestyle modification, dietary changes and exercise. 

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Dr. Sajeev KumarC.S.C, D.C.H, M.B.B.SGeneral Physician

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SMA (spinal muscular atrophy) is a disease that robs people of physical strength by affecting the motor nerve cells in the spinal cord, taking away the ability to walk, eat, or breathe. It is the number one genetic cause of death for infants. SMA is caused by a mutation in the survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1. Chromosome 5 SMA is caused by a deficiency of a motor neuron protein called SMN, for “survival of motor neuron.” This protein, as its name implies, seems to be necessary for normal motor neuron function. Its deficiency is caused by genetic flaws (mutations) on chromosome 5 in a gene called SMN1. Neighboring SMN2 genes can in part compensate for nonfunctional SMN1 genes. Other rare forms of SMA (non-chromosome 5) are caused by mutations in genes besides SMN. In several forms of SMA, respiratory muscle weakness is a significant problem. It’s the most common cause of death in types 1 and type 2 chromosome 5 (SMN-related) SMA. When the respiratory muscles weaken, air doesn’t move into and out of the lungs very well, with subsequent adverse effects on general health. Signs of weakening respiratory muscles are headaches, difficulty sleeping at night, excess sleepiness during the day, poor concentration, chest infections and, eventually, heart damage and respiratory failure. Often, in infantile-onset SMA, the muscles between the baby's ribs are very weak, while the diaphragm muscle stays fairly strong. This leads to children who appear to be breathing by moving their bellies rather than their chests and to a pear-shaped body in these infants. For chromosomal changes there is hardly no specific treatment and you have to explain the nature of your child's trouble . He needs a neurological treatment for relief of symptoms. 

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Dr. Shashank AgrawalBachelor of Ayurvedic Medicines and Surgery(BAMS), Post Graduation Diploma in Emergency Medicines And Services(PGDEMS), MD - Alternate MedicineAyurveda

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Hi take shwas kuthar ras twice a day....pranacharya asthamin capsule 1-1 twice a day...and pranacharya shwas vikarasav 2-2 tsf twice a day...1-1 drop of cow ghee in both nostrils at night time before sleep....take hot water steam....take pranacharya allergin capsule 1-1 cap twice a day with warm water... 

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