Enlarged Heart Treatment

Dr. Julie Mercy J DavidErasmus Mundus Master in Adapted Physical Activity, MPT, BPTh/BPTPhysiotherapist

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms dmd most commonly appears in children between 3 and 6 years old. Children may have difficulty walking or getting up from a seated position or from lying down. Parents or caretakers may notice weakness of the shoulder and pelvis, abnormal clumsiness and frequent falling. Other symptoms and signs include: •difficulty going up stairs •inability to jump •walking on tip-toe ••leg pain facial weakness, including inability to whistle or close eyes heart problems may include irregular heartbeat and enlargement of the heart muscle tissue. If the spine becomes curved (scoliosis), breathing and lung function may become difficult. Risk factors for duchenne muscular dystrophy dmd is a genetic disease caused by a gene on the x chromosome that mothers can pass on to their sons. The gene affects a protein called dystrophin that muscles require to function normally. Diagnosing duchenne muscular dystrophy after conducting a physical and taking a detailed history of signs and symptoms, noting any occurrence of muscular dystrophy in family members, the doctor examines your child and runs tests, including: blood tests: these include genetic blood tests, which can reveal the gene mutation causing absence of dystrophin in about two thirds of boys with dmd. Muscle biopsy: for those children who have clinical evidence of dmd but who do not show one of the common mutations, a small sample of muscle tissue examined under a microscope can confirm the diagnosis. Electromyogram (emg): this test checks to see if your child’s muscle weakness is a result of destruction of muscle tissue rather than nerve damage. Electrocardiogram (ecg or ekg): a test that records the electrical activity of the heart, an ecg shows abnormal rhythms (arrhythmias or dysrhythmias) and detects heart muscle damage. A genetics counselor reviews the history of disease with each family, discusses the principles of inheritance and helps weigh risks and benefits of genetic testing of various family members, including the affected child and potentially carrier testing for the mother. Duchenne muscular dystrophy treatment a multidisciplinary approach with a team of specialists with experience in treating dmd can offer your child the chance for longer survival and better quality of life. The first line of treatment is corticosteroids, which have been shown in clinical trials to decrease the rate of declining strength in people with dmd. A neurologist will manage this treatment and help minimize medications’ side effects. The neurologist directs your child’s care and coordinates services among the team, which is likely to include additional experts: •physical and occupational rehabilitation professionals design exercise programs for your child and teach stretching activities to minimize limiting contractures. •orthopaedic surgeons with expertise in dmd can treat severe contractures and scoliosis. •pediatric cardiologists track your child’s heart function with ekgs and echocardiograms. •a designated muscular dystrophy association liaison is critically important, offering support to families and schools on a number of levels including social, financial and educational. 

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Dr. M S HaqueBUMSSexologist

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If your left testicle hurts, it’s important to know some of the more common causes, their symptoms, and some treatment options that your doctor may discuss with you. 1. Varicoceles you have arteries throughout your body that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to bones, tissue, and organs. You also have veins that carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart and lungs. When a vein in a testicle becomes enlarged, it’s called a varicocele. Varicoceles affect up to 15 percent of males. Like varicose veins in your legs, varicoceles may appear bulgy under the skin of your scrotum. They tend to form in the left testicle because the vein on the left side hangs lower. This makes it a little more difficult for the valves in that vein to keep pushing blood up into the body. Treatment you may not need treatment for a varicocele, though if it’s causing you pain or fertility problems, then you should discuss treatment options with a urologist. Surgery can close off blood flow in the enlarged part of the affected vein and reroute it through other veins. Surgery is usually successful in eliminating pain and allowing for healthy testicle function. Fewer than 1 in 10 surgical patients have recurring varicoceles. 2. Orchitis orchitis is inflammation of the testicles, usually triggered by a virus or bacterial infection. Pain may start in the left or right testicle and remain there or spread throughout the scrotum. In addition to pain, the scrotum may swell and turn warm. The skin may turn reddish, and the scrotum may feel firmer or more tender than usual. The mumps virus is often the cause of orchitis. If that is the case, then symptoms in the scrotum may not appear for up to a week. Sexually transmitted infections (stis), such as gonorrhea, or a urinary tract infection may also lead to orchitis. Treatment treatment options for orchitis depend on its underlying cause. A bacterial infection can be treated with antibiotics. A virus, such as the mumps, usually just needs time to resolve itself. Over-the-counter pain medications may help ease your symptoms. 3. Spermatocele a spermatocele is a cyst or fluid-filled sac that forms in the tube that carries sperm from the upper part of a testicle. A spermatocele can develop in either testicle. If the cyst remains small, you may never have any symptoms. If it grows, that testicle may hurt and feel heavy. You may notice a change in the affected testicle during a self-exam. If you do, you should see your doctor. It’s unknown why spermatoceles form. If you have no symptoms, you may not need any treatment. Treatment if you’re experiencing pain and discomfort, a surgical procedure called a spermatocelectomy can remove the cyst. The operation does carry the risk of affecting fertility, so in some cases, men are advised to wait until they are done having children before undergoing the procedure. 4. Testicular torsion considered a medical emergency, testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord becomes twisted in the testicle, cutting off its blood supply. The spermatic cord is a tube that helps support the testicles in the scrotum. If the condition isn’t treated within six hours, a man could lose the affected testicle. Testicular torsion is somewhat unusual, affecting about 1 in 4,000 young men. One of the most common causes of testicular torsion is a condition called “bell clapper” deformity. Instead of having a spermatic cord that holds the testicles firmly in place, someone born with bell clapper deformity has a cord that allows the testicles to move more freely. This means the cord can be more easily twisted. Testicular torsion usually affects only one testicle, with the left testicle being the most common. The pain usually comes on suddenly and with swelling. Treatment testicular torsion must be treated surgically, though an emergency room doctor may be able to temporarily untwist the cord by hand. An operation involves securing the testicle with sutures to the inner wall of the scrotum to avoid future twisting. If bell clapper deformity is diagnosed, the surgeon may secure the other testicle to the scrotum even if there’s been no torsion. 5. Hydrocele inside the scrotum, a thin layer of tissue surrounds each testicle. When fluid or blood fills this sheath, the condition is called a hydrocele. Usually the scrotum will swell, and there may or may not be pain. A hydrocele can develop around one or both testicles. A hydrocele is more common in infants and tends to resolve itself within a year or so after birth. But inflammation or injury can cause a hydrocele to form in older boys and men. Treatment surgery may be needed to remove the hydrocele. You may need to have fluid or blood drained from around the testicle after the operation, which is called a hydrocelectomy. Follow-up appointments and self-exams are recommended, as a hydrocele can form again, regards Dr. Ms. haque. 

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Dr. M S HaqueBUMSSexologist

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There aren’t any oils on the market that will make your penis larger. However, penis enlargement is possible through other measures. But no research supports the idea that oils or other supplements will enlarge your penis. They’re much more likely to result in unwanted side effects or injury. Read on to learn which oils you should avoid, which oils could improve your sexual function in other ways, and more. What ingredients should I watch out for? Dietary and herbal supplements aren’t regulated by the food and drug administration (fda). This means that manufacturers are largely free to say whatever they want about their ingredients and supposed benefits. In addition to being ineffective, these products may also be harmful. Many of the ingredients found in over-the-counter “natural male enhancement” supplements can cause unpleasant side effects and lead to potential complications. Dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea). Dhea is a steroid that naturally occurs in your body. But using dhea supplements can increase your risk of cancer, lower good cholesterol levels, and affect your mental health. Pregnanolone. This is another naturally occurring compound. But there’s no research to support pregnanolone for use in penis enlargement. A 2009 study showed that it may also negatively affect your mental health. Catuaba bark extract. In a 2005 study with animals, this ingredient showed some promise as an antidepressant, but no research indicates that it has any effect on your penis. Hawthorn berry. According to a 2010 research review, this ingredient has some use as a treatment for heart disease, but it’s not proven to help with penis enlargement. The research review also showed that taking too much can cause dizziness, nausea, and dangerous interactions with cardiovascular medications. Some ingredients can improve your sexual health — they just won’t make your penis bigger. If you’re open to other benefits, look for an oil or supplement containing: l-arginine. An old 1997 study with rats suggested that l-arginine can reduce erectile dysfunction (ed) symptoms and make erections firmer, but the jury’s out on how effective it truly is. According to a small 1999 study, it’s no better than a placebo. Panax ginseng. A 2013 research review with animals showed that this herb may improve erectile response in people with ed by relaxing certain muscles around the penile tissues. Additionally, a small 2002 study validated ginseng as a safe, effective method of improving erection hardness. Citrulline. Research from a small 2011 study with males showed that this organic compound can be a reliable treatment for mild-to-moderate cases of ed by making erections firmer. L-carnitine. Results from a 2012 study with mice showed that l-carnitine may help increase your sperm count, as well as sperm movement. This can improve your chances of getting your partner pregnant, according to a 2015 research review. Gingko biloba. A small 2008 study found that gingko biloba may help with sexual arousal in women by stimulating blood flow and improving sexual function. This effect primarily occurred when participants combined supplementation with sex therapy. 

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Dr. Prakhar SinghMBBS, Basic Life Support (B.L.S), Advanced Cardiac Life Support, Fellow of Academy of General Education (FAGE)General Physician

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I am sorry to hear about your concern but will be happy to assist you. If left untreated, sleep apnea can result in a number of health problems including hypertension, stroke, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy (enlargement of the muscle tissue of the heart), heart failure, diabetes, obesity and heart attacks. Let's connect over a call so that we can discuss your concern in details and make a suitable treatment plan for you. 

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Dr. Tanmay PalsuleMD - Homeopathy, BHMSHomeopathy Doctor

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There are many causes of enlargement of heart like: high blood pressure. Heart valve disease. Cardiomyopathy..high blood pressure in the artery that connects your heart and lungs (pulmonary hypertension. Fluid around your heart (pericardial effusion. Blocked arteries in your heart (coronary artery disease. Low red blood cell count (anemia. Thyroid disorders. Treatment and outcome depends on the cause. Modifiable factors and you making lifestyle changes and taking meds with sincerity. 

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Dr. Prakhar SinghMBBS, Basic Life Support (B.L.S), Advanced Cardiac Life Support, Fellow of Academy of General Education (FAGE)General Physician

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I am sorry to hear about your concern but will be happy to assist you. An enlarged heart (cardiomegaly) means that your heart is bigger than normal. Your heart can become enlarged if the muscle works so hard that it thickens, or if the chambers dilate. An enlarged heart isn't a disease. It's a symptom of a heart defect or condition that makes the heart work harder, such as: cardiomyopathy. Let's connect over a call so that we can discuss your concern in details and make a suitable treatment plan for you. 

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Dr. Deepak DassNCCH & MCHHomeopathy Doctor

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Stay with the treatment and keep periodically checked up. Apart from this start with homeopathic treatment for best results. 

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Dr. Abhaya Kant TewariMD Medicine, DM NeurologyNeurologist

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Hello, its obvious that the patient has not responded to multiple medication bening offered. There has been no conclusion even after extensive investigations. Inspite of significant gi problem the patient has gained weight. To me it appears to be a psychsomatic disorder. He needs to accept that he is having psychological problems which are affecting his body. It maybe worthwhile consulting a psychiatrist for his psychosomatic disorders. 

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Dr. Julie Mercy J DavidErasmus Mundus Master in Adapted Physical Activity, MPT, BPTh/BPTPhysiotherapist

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Clubbing of the fingers, also described as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (hoa), is an enlargement of the ends of the fingers accompanied by a downward sloping of the nails. You can have primary hoa, which is simply a clubbed appearance of your fingers that is not associated with any health problems. Or you can develop secondary clubbing, which is caused by health problems such as lung cancer and heart disease. 1 clubbing of fingers desherinka / wikimedia commons / cc by-sa 4.0 the clubbing itself is not harmful, but since it can be a sign of disease, it is important that your medical team identifies the cause and that you are treated for your underlying condition. Also known as clubbing is also referred to as clubbed fingers, digital clubbing, watch-glass nails, drumstick fingers, hippocratic fingers, hippocratic nails. Clubbing symptoms verywell/jessica olah symptoms clubbing can involve your fingers and/or toes. It is typically bilateral (affecting both hands and/or feet) and it should be equal in terms of its extent on both sides. If you or your child has primary hoa, then your fingers or toes may naturally appear large, bulging, and rounded. This will be noticeable during childhood or during the teenage years, and it will not change much over time. With primary hoa, other family members are also likely to have finger and/or toe clubbing. 1 secondary clubbing happens gradually, and it causes a change in the appearance of your fingers and/or toes. With secondary clubbing, which is caused by disease, you would also have other features that are not seen in primary clubbing. Features of secondary clubbing include: softening of the nails nail beds that soften and feel spongy nails that seem to "float" instead of being firmly attached to your fingers disappearing of the angle between your nails and cuticle enlargement or bulging of the distal portion of your finger (where your finger meets your nail) warm, red nail beds nails that curve downward and look like the bottom of the round part of a spoon eventually, the nail and skin around the nail may become shiny, and the nail develops ridging. 1 causes primary clubbing is hereditary, and it is passed down via genes. Hereditary clubbing is simply a physical feature, like the color of your eyes or your height. Several genes have been associated with primary clubbing, including the hpgd gene and the slco2a1 gene. 2 secondary clubbing occurs as one of the effects of chronic lung and heart disease. Lung cancer is the most common cause of clubbing. This sign is also associated with a number of other chronic illnesses, including conditions that involve the thyroid gland or the digestive system. 1 there are a number of health risk factors associated with secondary clubbing, including: 3 lung cancer interstitial pulmonary fibrosis lung abscess pulmonary tuberculosis pulmonary lymphoma congestive heart failure infective endocarditis cyanotic congenital heart disease bronchiectasis cystic fibrosis other types of cancer, including liver, gastrointestinal or hodgkin lymphoma inflammatory bowel disease liver cirrhosis gastrointestinal neoplasms celiac disease dysentery graves' disease an overactive thyroid gland how disease affects nail beds the medical conditions that can cause clubbing are generally associated with decreased oxygen levels. Experts suggest that clubbing occurs as your body undergoes changes in response to low oxygen. Several processes affect the nail beds in secondary clubbing. The nail enlargement occurs due to the growth of excess soft tissue beneath the nail beds. The enlargement is associated with inflammation and a proliferation of small blood vessels in the nail beds. 1 a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates the growth of blood vessels, and this protein is considered a major factor in the physical changes that occur in clubbing. 4 common complications of copd diagnosis clubbing can be subtle, so it may be difficult for you and your medical team to verify this change in your digits. There are a few objective criteria that are used to assess clubbing, and they can help in determining whether you have developed this physical change: lovibond's profile sign: normally, there is a sharp angle between the nail bed and the cuticle. When you have clubbing, the natural angle is lost as the nail angles down instead of up. Distal/interphalangeal depth ratio: the phalanges of your finger are the sections between each bending joint. Your distal phalange, the one that includes your nail, is normally shorter depth-wise than the neighboring phalange. Clubbing is indicated when the opposite is true. Schamroth's sign: the sharp angle between your nail bed and cuticle forms a tiny diamond-shaped hole when you place your hands together with the top of your nails facing each other. When this gap disappears, it is described as schamroth's sign. 4 assessing underlying conditions often, clubbing develops due to a chronic medical condition that was diagnosed years before the clubbing developed. When you start to have clubbing of your digits, your medical team will evaluate you to identify any underlying disease that could be causing it. Even if you have an established lung or heart condition, your medical team will assess your condition to identify any progression that could require an adjustment of your treatment. Tests that you may need in the evaluation of clubbing include: 1 a physical examination to assess for signs such as weight loss, difficulty breathing, skin changes, alterations in your pulse, or altered blood pressure a pulse oximeter to measure your blood oxygen level pulmonary function tests (pfts) arterial blood gas test chest imaging tests, such as chest x-ray or chest computerized tomography (ct) blood tests, including complete blood count (cbc), electrolyte levels, liver function tests (lfts), and/or thyroid tests an electrocardiogram (ekg) or echocardiogram to assess your heart function abdominal imaging tests such as ct or ultrasound a biopsy if there is a concerning lesion noted on an imaging test how lung cancer is diagnosed treatment usually, the abnormal shape and size of the digits do not cause health problems, but any underlying disease that causes clubbing needs to be medically and/or surgically managed, as appropriate. Treatments may prevent your clubbing from worsening and, in rare cases, can reverse some or all of the physical features of clubbing. 1 there are a variety of approaches used to treat the underlying cause of clubbing. Your treatment will depend on your situation. You may need management of respiratory disease, treatment of heart disease, or interventional therapy for cancer. Treatments may include: anti-inflammatory treatment for inflammatory conditions, including some pulmonary and gastrointestinal diseases hormone replacement pacemaker implantation to improve heart function a word from verywell if you notice that your fingers are clubbing, be sure to discuss this with your healthcare provider. Clubbing can be diagnosed in your healthcare provider's office. Although clubbing itself is harmless and doesn't require treatment, it is often as. 

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Dr. Prakhar SinghMBBS, Basic Life Support (B.L.S), Advanced Cardiac Life Support, Fellow of Academy of General Education (FAGE)General Physician

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I am sorry to hear about your concern but will be happy to assist you. When the aortic valve opening is narrowed, your heart must work harder to pump enough blood into the aorta and to the rest of your body. The extra work of the heart can cause the left ventricle to thicken and enlarge. Let's connect over a call so that we can discuss your concern in details and make a suitable treatment plan for you. 

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