Videos (5)
I am Dr. M.C Gupta. Practicing at Jeevan Jyoti Hospital, Faridabad. I am a pulmonologist and going to talk about asthma.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Leading to hyper responsiveness of the airways, causing breathlessness, chest tightness, cough which is usually in the night or early morning hours. It should be reversible by it self or by drugs. Prevalence of asthma is in India between 1.3 to 2.5% and it is higher in the children and go even up to 10%. Type of asthma are childhood asthma, adult onset asthma, chronic asthma, occupational asthma and difficult to treat asthma. Asthma is usually genetic or environmental factors. The environmental triggers usually are allergens. Most of are, in allergens most important cause is house dust might. It can be due to stress, anxiety, obesity, drugs, infection. Infection are usually viral. It can be due to drugs like aspirin, NSIAD, or ace. The diagnosis of asthma is usually by pulmonary function test which shows the obstruction and the reversibility of the obstruction by inhaled short acting beta to agonist. If the reversibility is good then the patient is labeled as asthma. Treatment of asthma is for emergency patients or a routine patients. If a patient is unable to take proper breath, his heart rate is more than 120, he is having increased respiratory rate of 30 or having sinuses or unable to speak a single sentence then he is having a severe attack of asthma and should be rushed, patient should be rushed to the nearby health faculty for admission and treatment. Treatment for routine asthmatic is divided into certain steps. Steps 1 to 5. In the step 1, the patient is given short acting beta 2 agonist as and when required, with that the patient usually remain all right, the need for inhalation for beta 2 agonist should not be regular. Step 2 consist of inhaled corticosteroids in low doses, and the patient remain usually well controlled with that. In the step 3 of this, there is a either high dose of inhaled corticosteroids or combination of low dosed inhaled corticosteroids plus long acting beta 2 agonist. In step 4 if the patients is not controlled with the drugs in step 3 then, the patient is put on to step 4 and contain high dose inhaled corticosteroids plus long acting beta2 agonist. Most of the patients are controlled up to steep wise treatment 1 to 4. If the patient is not controlled given with that then the patient may need oral corticosteroids or anti iGE treatment.
For further queries or any follow up treatments you can contact me at my hospital.
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I am Dr. MC Gupta, a respective physician practising in Faridabad for the last 40 years. My talk is on Asthma.
Asthma is a very common disease involves 3-10 % of the population and the prevalence is gradually increasing due to increased pollution in the industrialization and environmental and occupational problems. It is characterized by chronic inflammation of the air tubes that carry oxygen and air from and into the lung. Due to chronic inflammation of the air tubes, there is a hyper responsiveness of the air tube that means if there is any trigger they react, constrict, there is an increase inflammation and that lead to the attack of asthma.
Asthma by symptom is characterized by shortness of breath, chest tightness, cough. These are the main three symptoms. Asthma is usually variable. One we have an asthma attack and the patient may go into dimensions when there are no symptoms at all.
There are many risk factors and if we control the risk factor we can avoid or control the asthma attack. The risk factors are a family if any one of the parents is having asthma then there are twenty-five percent chances of children getting asthma or if both the parents are having asthma then fifty percent of children can develop asthma. Other risk factors are repeated viral infections, stress obesity, rhinitis, reflex, some medicines which can aggravate the symptoms of asthma, even in some exercise can induce asthma which is called exercise induced asthma. Tablet aspirin commonly taken as disprin and in some persons can induce the attack of asthma.
The diagnosis very simple usually on the basis of symptoms the patient is suffering supported by pulmonary function tests, x-ray test, haemogram and total IGE and rust test for lse.
Treatment of asthma depends upon the character of asthma, rather it just mild intermittent or it is persistent. In persistent is mild moderate and severe. If the asthma is just mild and intermittent one needs only rescue medicine that shorts acting beta 2 taken during the time of the attack and after that, the patient usually goes into remission and does not require the treatment. In persistent asthma, in mild asthma long acting beta 2 with an inhaled corticosteroid in minimum doses that control asthma and keep under control. Moderate asthma and severe asthma the bowls of inhaled corticosteroid can be increased from 800mg to 2000 microgram and it should be given in a combination of long acting beta 2. In the fourth stage of asthma, these inhaled corticosteroid plus long acting beta 2 agonists may be added with LAMA that is long acting muscarinic acids agents or taken orally or steroids. The oral steroids should not be taken continuously for the treatment of asthma because they can cause osteoporosis diabetes, hypertension and obesity.
If you want to ask or want any help you can contact me through Lybrate.
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Understanding what causes COPD and what are the signs that a person might be suffering from it.
Clinical diagnosis of COPD is usually made by presence of symptoms that is cough, sputum production, breathlessness and spirometry. Assessment of COPD is also made by spirometry and rate of excess exacerbation. With each exacerbation there is increased breathlessness, increase in the sputum production, increase in cough, there is sputum may be dark in color which shows infection. For each excess exacerbation there is permanent damage of a lung and severity of the COPD may increase.
Treatment of COPD is by pharmacotherapy which aims to control the symptoms of the patient and prevent exacerbation. If you prevent the exacerbation then the patient health improves and prevent further damage to the lungs. If a patient is Breathless on walking at ground level, then the patient may be helped by rehabilitation and by increasing the day to day activities. Exacerbation can be prevented by adult vaccination that is vaccination for non invasive pneumococcal infection and flu vaccination. This disease is gradually progressive. Symptoms can be controlled with pharmacotherapy. But the disease cannot be cured. The main aim of the diseases to prevent and to prevent is hundred percent. If one avoid smoking, exposure to occupational gases and inter Biomass exposure. Patient of COPD should consult a chest physician or respiratory physician.
If you want to talk to me you can talk to me via Lybrate.
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Management of Bronchial Asthma
I’m Dr. M. C. Gupta, practicing at Jeevan Jyoti Hospital, Faridabad for the last forty years in pulmonary medicine. Today, I will talk regarding bronchial Asthma. Asthma is prevalent in about 5-10 percent population. Symptoms of asthma are cough, breathlessness, chest, tightness and wheeze. It can occur at any age from an infant to old person. On examination, one may find bronchitis on chest.
Prevention of asthma is by avoiding pollution, dust, smoke, stress and sudden change of temperature.
The treatment of asthma is, if it is mild and infrequent then, only SABAs that is Short-Acting Beta-Agonists can be taken off and on as and when required. If someone is having persistent asthma then along with inhaled corticosteroids one need LABAs that is Long-Acting Beta-Agonist which is to be continued till the symptoms are controlled. After the symptoms are controlled, one can be put on controller medicine that is inhaled corticosteroids and which should be taken in the minimum possible dose to prevent any side effects of the inhaled steroids. The side effects of inhaled steroids are very less as compared to oral steroids. The treatment may continue lifelong or the patient may go into reminiscence.
If you want to consult me regarding asthma, you can consult me via Lybrate.
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Baby Boy
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A cough is probably one of the most common respiratory diseases that people suffer from. In most cases, it is nothing to worry about and can be cured with cough suppressants and salt water gargles. However, coughing of blood is a serious problem. The coughing up of blood that originates from below the level of the larynx is known as hemoptysis. This can vary in terms of severity depending on the amount of blood being expelled. This disease is a common condition, but on an average, less than 5% of hemoptysis cases are life threatening.
Hemoptysis rarely affects children. The symptoms of this condition include:
Sudden onset of a cough with bloody phlegm
- Fever
- Anorexia and weight loss
- Dyspnoea
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
- Fatigue
Chest pain: Medical attention should be sought in cases where this condition recurs often, if it lasts for longer than a fortnight or if the volume of blood expectorated is more than 30ml per day. The various tools that help in the diagnosis of this condition are:
- Chest radiography: This imaging modality helps lateralize bleeding and understand the amount of lung involvement. It is quick, inexpensive and can also help detect other underlying abnormalities.
- Bronchoscopy: This involves the insertions of a rigid or flexible endoscope into the bronchial passages to check the airways and determine active bleeding sites.
- MDCT: A multidetector CT is a non-invasive imaging tool that provides a comprehensive evaluation of airways, lung parenchyma, and thoracic vessels. It can also be used to uncover potential causes of bleeding such as bronchiectasis, pulmonary infections and lung cancer. In some cases, a multidetector CT angiography may also be used.
Oral antibiotics are usually the first stage of treatment for this condition. Smokers will also be urged to quit cigarettes as this can worsen their condition. Treatment for minor hemoptysis may also include:
- Oral hemostatics
- Cough suppressants
- Anticoagulants
- Radiation of laser treatment
- Therapeutic bronchoscopy
In its later stages, hemoptysis can be treated with a minimally invasive procedure known as endovascular embolization or with surgery. In some cases, endovascular embolization may also be sued to stabilise the patient before surgery. This procedure reduces the pressure in the hypertrophic arterial blood vessels and decreases the risk of perioperative bleeding.
Hemoptysis is also one of the most common complaints of lung cancer patients. Depending on the stage of cancer and the amount of blood expectorated, treatment in some cases may not be possible. In such cases, a parenteral opioid and fast-acting benzodiazepine may be administered.
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. It leads to inflammation of the lungs which is filled with fluid or pus. It can range from being mild to severe depending on a person’s health and age. Pneumonia can be caused by a variety of germs including bacteria, virus, and fungi. It can become life-threatening and dangerous for people:
- Infants and children aged between 2 to 5 years
- Older people aged above 65 years
- Those who have a weak immune system or have other forms of respiratory problems
Pneumonia can be contracted from different places and can become risky when:
- Bacterial pneumonia can easily be contracted from hospital and healthcare which is termed as community-acquired pneumonia. The chances of acquiring pneumonia can increase if are on the ventilator.
- Alcohol- Having excessive or regular alcohol can lead to worsening of your pneumonia
- If you are exposed to animals like birds, rabbits and rats, then the chances of you contracting pneumonia might be greater.
- If you have some medical problems like heart or kidney disease, then your pneumonia can get worse. The situation may be particularly precarious for asthma patients.
- Smoking also makes you more susceptible to pneumonia.
- Having a weak immunity due to HIV, asplena, poor nutrition and also chemotherapy can lead to worsening of bacterial pneumonia.
Some symptoms of bacterial pneumonia may include:
- Coughing that may produce mucus
- Fever with shaking and sweating
- Chest pain
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Low body temperature
- Shortness of breath
Newborns and infants having pneumonia may not show any symptoms that make it difficult to detect the disease. Also when you have mild symptoms, it is termed as walking pneumonia.
Diagnosis:
If you have pneumonia, then you should consult a doctor who will prescribe a few tests:
- Blood test-It is mainly done to identify the germ causing the disease
- Chest X-Ray- It helps the doctor locate the exact position of pneumonia.
- Pulse Oximetry- It measures the oxygen level in a person’s body.
- Sputum Test- Fluid from your lungs is taken and tested to know the cause of infection.
- Additional tests may be advised by your doctor that includes CT scan and Pleural fluid culture.
Treatments:
For mild or walking pneumonia, doctors may prescribe certain antibiotics and cough medicines to treat pneumonia. Within a week or two, your lung will start to clear up and you will feel better. Moreover, have enough fluid and sleep and do not smoke.
However, if you fall in the risky category and are experiencing pneumonia symptoms even after having medicines, you should get yourself or your child hospitalized. But there are ways to prevent pneumonia like giving vaccinations to your children and washing your hands. Also, lessen your smoking or stop altogether. So don’t let pneumonia turn into a life-threatening disease by following these simple measures. Consult your doctor immediately if have any of the pneumonia symptoms and fall in the category of – infants and children, people above 65 years of age and people with low immunity. In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!