Dr. Dinesh Singh

Good morning, I am Dr Dinesh Singh I am director of Radiation Oncology at Max Hospital, Vaishali. Today we are going to discuss about cancer, the cancer is a group of about 100 disease different diseases and it is basically the cells they start developing, multiplying and then they do not stop first they grow locally and there and then they spread out to different parts and what are the different symptoms of the cancers, well it depends upon which part of the body the cancer is developing like we are discussing about the brain tumors that the patient might have difficulty in vision, he may be having headache, he may be having vomiting or he may be having fits. Then to further investigate we need do a contrast study of the MRI then we diagnosed and then we keep recording it. For head and neck cancers like they can wear ulcer or a soar which doesn't heal, there can be a change in the voice the person might have difficulty in swallowing or so these are the early symptoms of cancers originating into the head and neck area. Then we further investigate we take a biopsy and then we diagnose the patient. For breast cancer, the earliest symptoms is a painless lump usually in Cancer in early stages pain is not there, so whenever there is a lump in a breast it should be investigated to allowed cancer. More than 90% of the lump in the breast on cancerous but it should be evaluated and cure, when we come to the lung cancer the common symptom is a mild cough. So any cough which is not getting the cure for more than two weeks it should be taken seriously it can be tuberculosis, it can be cancerous, so it has to be evaluated and investigative. Talking about the GI cancers of the intestinal cancers, well it present like indigestion or the patient is not getting well some might discomfort in the abdomen. So any problem persisting more than 2 weeks should be investigated by ultrasound, by endoscopy and then we do it. Carcinoma of the rectum and anal canal usually present with a bleeding associated with the stools or without stool should not be confused with the piles because they have the same presentation. So any problem persisting for more than 2 weeks is the thumb rule has to be investigated diagnosed and they have to be treated. Once we see that there is a problem then what we do we have to do an investigation and the first investigation is the biopsy many times a general people they have a false notion that if a biopsy is done then cancer will spread, well it is absolutely wrong. The biopsy is a must and it does not spread cancer. Thank you.

Good morning, I am Dr Dinesh Singh I am director predation oncology at Max hospital, Vaishali and today I will be talking about the most common cancer of women in India, it is breast cancer and there is no age bar. We have seen patients as young as 17 to 18 years and as old as 80 to 90 years. So every woman is at risk of getting the breast cancer, now which are the ladies which are more prone to get breast cancer when those ladies who do not have the breastfed their child, those who are very obese or those who have history of a breast cancer in their first relative like in the father, mausi, sister they are at higher risk, but then any population is at risk of developing cancer. What we need to understand is that we should be aware about our body and we should do a self breast examination every month, so that we know the change which happens in our breast over a period of time and once you notice that there is a lump in the breast, usually, pain is not initial symptom of Cancer any cancer in the body and whenever you notice that there is a lump in the breast then it has to be further investigated. The age is less than 40 years we go for an ultrasound of the breast which is more than 40 years we go for mammography of the breast. And then further investigation like a biopsy of the lump and if it is found cancerous, then we do for the test to see whether it is spread to another part of the body or not. Well, that tells us about the stage the breast cancer is and then depending upon the stage the treatment is decided. That let us say that we diagnose breast cancer at a very early stage that means it is less than 3 to 4 cm and at that time we do not need to remove the entire breast of the person to cure the person, we can remove only a portion the cancerous portion plus a little bit of arching around the tumor and in the axilla we have to do surgery to get out the nodes. For that now it is a sentinel node biopsy is done what happens in that is that we identify the draining lymph nodes we take them no we study them then and there when the patient is still under anaesthesia and if they are not cancerous then we do not take out the further lymph nodes of the axilla, if they are cancerous then we take them out. After that then the further treatments depends upon the final histopathology report of the tumor, if the tumor is very small If in case very sensitive to hormones these patients don't need any chemotherapy, radiotherapy becomes a part of the every breast conservation surgery and if that tumor is larger or it is not sensitive to hormones then we have to give chemotherapy. In chemotherapy now very latest medicines are available there are called targeted therapy and the cure rates have become very high. All the cancers especially breast cancer the side effects are very minimal, we have all the medicines which can take care of the vomiting, the infection and other side effects which are happening along with the chemotherapy. And regarding radiotherapy, the latest technology is targeted radiation or image-guided radiation along with other things we are able to do a very pinpoint radiation to the area where it should go. So that it saves the underline normal structures from getting exposed to radiations the cure rates become very high and the side effects are very low. So I will say that all the girls and all the ladies they should do a self-examination try to be familiar with their normal body oncology, diagnose cancer early to treat it properly and be the cure of cancer. Thank you.