Things you must know about Kidney Dysplasia

Kidney dysplasia is a common condition, where the internal structures of one or both the kidneys of a foetus do not develop as normally as it should while in the womb. Normally, the ureters develop into the kidneys and branch out to form tubules, which collect urine as the foetus grows in the womb. However, in the case of kidney dysplasia, the tubules cannot branch out completely. As a result, urine accumulates within the affected kidneys and forms small fluid-filled sacs, known as cysts. These cysts replace the normal kidney tissues and impede the normal functioning of the kidneys.

About one out of 4000 babies are affected with kidney dysplasia, as per studies. Children born with dysplasia in one of the kidneys may have normal functioning provided the other kidney is unaffected.

Causes of Kidney Dysplasia

Kidney dysplasia could be genetic. A mutation in the genes of either of the parents passed onto the baby may lead to such a condition.

Certain genetic syndromes, which affect multiple systems in the body, can also cause kidney dysplasia. In this case, the child might experience problems or diseases of the nervous system, digestive tract, heart, or parts of the urinary tract.

Kidney dysplasia in children can also occur because of illegal drugs or prescription medications – for high blood pressure or seizures – consumed by the mother during pregnancy.

Complications that could arise from Kidney Dysplasia

Kidney dysplasia can lead to a range of complications, including –

• Hydronephrosis of the healthy kidney
• Chronic kidney disease or kidney failure
• Infection of the urinary tract
• A slightly higher chance of getting kidney cancer

To avoid complications of kidney dysplasia, seeking treatment at the earliest is imperative. A healthcare provider can diagnose the condition using ultrasound and determine the treatment approach most suitable for the child’s condition.

Treatment for Kidney Dysplasia

Kidney dysplasia cannot be cured. Treatment for the same involving managing the symptoms –

• Regular urine testing, kidney function tests, and monitoring of blood pressure
• Antibiotics for urinary tract infections
• Dialysis

In rare cases, doctors may recommend undergoing kidney transplantation.

The long-term outlook for kidney dysplasia depends on whether the condition has affected one or both the kidneys. However, keep in mind that the child needs a close follow-up and frequent monitoring to be able to live healthily with the condition.