Thyroid Surgery And Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located just below the voice box and secrete thyroid hormone which regulates the body’s metabolism. Sometimes, this gland becomes cancerous, underactive or overactive and may require surgical removal.
Situations, when a doctor can recommend you to undergo thyroid surgery (removal of part or whole of thyroid) are:
- Thyroid cancer is present or is suspected.
- A noncancerous (benign) nodule is large enough to cause problems with breathing or swallowing.
- A fluid-filled (cystic) nodule returns after being drained once or twice.
- Hyperthyroidism cannot be treated with medicines or radioactive iodine.
How to detect thyroid cancer at an early stage?
Simple neck examination in front of the mirror at frequent interval may reflect nodule or fullness in anterior aspect of the neck which is the most common manifestation of thyroid cancer.
Voice change, difficulty in breathing or difficulty in swallowing are other presentation of thyroid cancer. In case of suspicion of any of these symptoms, neck ultrasound along with needle aspiration from the nodule should be done for confirmation of this disease.
What is the thyroidectomy and to whom should I consult for this?
Removal of the thyroid gland is called thyroidectomy and is usually performed while the patient is under general anesthesia. The surgeon will make a 4-6cm incision in the neck crease and part or whole of the gland will be removed. As per literature high volume/ dedicated thyroid surgeon (Endocrine surgeon etc.) can deliver the best results in terms of post-thyroidectomy complications like voice change or low calcium levels. Newer modalities like endoscopic or robotic thyroid surgeries are also been practiced these days. Depending on how much of the thyroid gland is to be removed, the patient may require thyroid hormone replacement post-surgery.
Is thyroid cancer curable?
Yes if detected in early stage and appropriate treatment is done, more than 90% can be cured of this disease.
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