What Causes Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis occurs in people whose calcium intake is significantly low. The lack of calcium in the body results in this condition where bone density is diminished; there is early bone loss and an increased risk of fractures. Our bones constantly change and new bone cells grow to replace the old ones. In case of people suffering from osteoporosis, this process is hampered and the bones start thinning and become weak. The balance between broken-down bones and new bones is lost.

Causes of osteoporosis-

• Low Estrogen in Women - Older women experiences a quick drop in estrogen particularly after going through menopause. They are more prone to fractures and lose bone density to a great extent.

• Low Testosterone in Men - Men converts testosterone into estrogen for preserving their bone health. Hence, in case of men, testosterone deficiency can result in osteoporosis.

There are several other hormonal imbalances that cause osteoporosis.

• Lack of Calcium – Without sufficient calcium, there will be no rebuilding of new bones and the bones will become brittle over time. Organs like your heart, muscles and nerves need a certain amount of calcium from your blood without which these organs will be affected.

• Lack of vitamin D – This may lead to weak bones and increased bone loss.

• Thyroid – High levels of thyroid leads to increased bone loss.

• Smoking – Nicotine has adverse effects on bone cells and reduces the body's ability to use estrogen, calcium, and vitamin D. People who smoke have lower bone density and a higher risk of bone fracture.

• Alcohol – Too much consumption of alcohol results in calcium loss.

• Medications – Certain medical conditions and medication for a prolonged time is linked to bone loss and makes a person more prone to fractures.

How to tell if you have osteoporosis?

In the early stage of bone loss, symptoms may not be noticeable but once your bones are weakened by osteoporosis, there might be signs and symptoms such as-

• Backache due to a fractured or collapsed vertebra

• Loss of height over time

• A stooped body posture

• A bone is likely to break much more easily than expected

It is important to keep a check on your diet, eat enough protein and control your body weight. You must include vitamin D and calcium in your diet as well. Also, remember to exercise regularly to strengthen your muscles and stay active.