Toxicity In Cattle From SORGHUM PLANTS
Sorghum species of grass are drought tolerant plants. Both cyanide & nitrates can be present in various amounts in sorghum crops that are stressed by hot, dry conditions. Cyanide poisoning is the main culprit but nitrate & nitrite poisoning also a possibility when grazing in sorghum during draught. Hydrogen cyanide or prussic acid kills the animal by preventing o2 utilization in its tissue.
The poison is highest when the growth of grass is checked by draught or other physical damage. (as a hailstorm, insect damages) the risk is also higher in young plants or regrowth. Therefore regrowth under stress is the most dangerous (maybe 400-900 on ppm a dry wt basis).
Symptoms
History of ingestion of undergrown or regrown grass (in drought-prone areas, increased depth and rate of respiration, frothing in the mouth, muscular twitching, staggering, collapse convulsions and death.
Treatment
Affected animals may effectively be treated and of sodium thiosulphate or sodium hyposulphite. This chemical is commonly known as hypo. It was easily available from a photographer's studio in the black and white photography.
Still, you may find this in photo studios. (be sure that it is sodium thiosulphate or hyposulphite.
Prepare 10% soln ie 10gm in 100 ml distilled water. Inject it iv @ dose rate of 660 mg per kg BW. Do not hesitate because I had saved several couples of cattle doing this.
Roughly an adult desi cattle will need 90 to 160 ml of 10% soln. Some animals will be needed the 2nd dose but be in the limit of 160 ml. If you can give the treatment before respiration stops it is certain that the animal will stand and will start eating within 1 & 1/2 hour.