Thyroid - Quick Facts You Must Be Aware Of!

Hypothyroidism, also known as underactive thyroid, is the most common thyroid disorder. In the condition, the thyroid gland does not produce sufficient thyroid hormone to meet the body requirements. One of the most common causes of hypothyroidism is the deficiency of iodine in the diet. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder, is the second most common factor for hypothyroidism. In this condition, the immune system of the body starts treating the thyroid cells as foreign bodies and destroys them. As a result, the thyroid gland loses its efficiency to produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the demand of the body.

Because the symptoms of hypothyroidism are difficult to detect, hypothyroidism is best diagnosed with TSH test if it is suspected. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) tests measure the levels of TSH in the blood. TSH level of 2.0 mlU/L or above indicates that you are progressing towards hypothyroidism. A T4 test is used to diagnose hyperthyroidism. A high level of T4 (thyroxine) indicates an overactive thyroid.

You should get your first thyroid screening test (or thyroid function test) once you reach 35 years of age. Later, it is advised to get the thyroid screening test done every five years to check your thyroid hormones level.

Hyperthyroidism may show similar symptoms as women experience in their menopausal phase. These symptoms may include menstrual changes such as amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), hot flashes, mood swings, and insomnia.