Oligoclonal Bands Test

The Oligoclonal Bands test is a test performed on the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of a person’s brain. Cerebrospinal fluid is the liquid layer which protects the brain and the spinal cord. Oligoclonal band is a type of immunoglobulin protein. The test is ordered in cases like neurological diseases and some central nervous inflammatory conditions. The test is also ordered when the doctor suspects MS disease. The CSF oligoclonal screen looks for these bands in your cerebrospinal fluid. Usually only one or two bands are present. The presence of multiple bands indicates that something is wrong. The test is also known as immunofixation.

The test is conducted on a CSF sample collected from a person’s lower spine. This test requires a thorough discussion with your doctor about certain details of your daily life and routine. The patient is advised to have an open discussion with his/her doctor. The doctor will ask you if you are on any blood thinners or any medication that might interfere in the test results. If you have any history of back or spine problems or have undergone any previous surgery then you should let your doctor know. Also, in case of any neurological illnesses or infection on the back your doctor should be informed beforehand.

The test is majorly carried out when the doctor suspects that the patient might have Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This test can diagnose: Inflammatory conditions Neurological diseases Neurosyphilis Meningitis Lyme Disease Encephalitis

The test is conducted under professional supervision inside a clinic. The oligoclonal band test requires a lumbar puncture or a spinal tap. The patient will have to wear a hospital gown which has an open backside portion. This helps the test conductor to easily access your spine. You will be asked to lie on your stomach to expose your back which will be cleaned with an antiseptic liquid by the nurse. Since the process involves needle insertion into your spine the area to be injected will be numbed with the help of an anesthetic. Once the anesthetic shows its effects a needle will be inserted into your lowed spine and a small amount of CSF will be withdrawn.