A frozen shoulder may get better over time on its own without treatment, but recovery is often slow and can take at least 18 to 24 months. In some people, the condition may not improve for 5 years or more.

A number of different treatments can be used to treat frozen shoulder, although it is uncertain how effective they are and which is best.

The treatments described below can help reduce shoulder pain and keep the joint mobile while the shoulder heals.

Early stage treatments

The first stage of a frozen shoulder is the most painful. Therefore, treatment is mainly focused on relieving the pain.

During this stage, your GP may recommend avoiding movements that make the pain worse, such as stretching. However, you should not stop moving altogether.

Painkillers

If you are in pain, you may be prescribed painkillers, such as paracetamol, a combination of paracetamol and codeine or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

Some painkillers, such as paracetamol andibuprofen, are also available from pharmacies without a prescription. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and make sure you are taking the correct dose.

Taking painkillers, particularly NSAIDs, in the long term can increase your risk of side effects. See the patient information leaflet that comes with your medication for more information.

Later stage treatments

After the initial painful stage, stiffness is the main symptom of a frozen shoulder. Your GP may suggest stretching exercises, and you may also be referred to a physiotherapist.

Shoulder exercises

If you have a frozen shoulder, it's important to keep your shoulder joint mobile with regular, gentle stretching exercises. Not using your shoulder could make the stiffness worse, so you should continue to use it as normal.

However, if your shoulder is very stiff, exercise may be painful. Your GP or physiotherapist can give you some simple exercises to do every day at home that won't damage your shoulder any more.

Physiotherapy

A physiotherapist can use a number of techniques to keep the movement and flexibility in your shoulder. If you are referred to one, you may have treatments including:

stretching exercises that use specific techniques to move the joint in all directionsmassagethermotherapy, with warm or cold temperature packs

There is no clinical evidence to show that other treatments, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), IFT and lazer are effective in treating frozen shoulder.