Female Sterilization - When Do You Need It?

Female sterilization is a surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy permanently. It is suitable for women who do not have plans to give birth in future. The procedure works by blocking the fallopian tubes and preventing the ovum from reaching the sperm and becoming fertilized.

Is female sterilization right for me?

There is no hard and fast rule when it comes to female sterilization. Anybody can opt for this surgery. However, women who either do not want to have any more children or do not plan to conceive at all should only consider it. Since this is a permanent procedure, keep in mind that once you decide to get sterilized, the process cannot be reversed.

Usually, women above the age of 30 are considered best candidates for female sterilization.

How does female sterilization work?

Female sterilization works by blocking the ova (eggs) from moving down the fallopian tubes. The fallopian tubes link the ovary to the uterus (womb). Due to the blockage of the fallopian tubes, the ova cannot reach the sperm and so fertilization is not possible. Since the eggs are not fertilized, there is no chance of you getting pregnant. However, under the normal course of action, the ovary will still release ova but your body will absorb these naturally.

What are the steps to the procedure?

Female sterilization can be done through either a surgical or a non-surgical method. In both cases, the surgeon will provide you with general or local anaesthesia to numb the area and minimize pain.

• The surgeon may apply clips- titanium or plastic clamps- to block the fallopian tubes
• He/she may apply rings to clamp the fallopian tubes together. For this, the surgeon will pull a small loop of the tubes through a silicon ring and clip them shut.
• The surgeon may choose to tie up, cut out or remove a portion of the fallopian tubes

If the procedure is carried out surgically, the surgeon will make a cut either near the belly button or just above the pubic hairline. This is a minimally invasive surgery wherein the surgeon inserts a thin, long instrument with a camera and light attached on top (a laparoscope) through the incisions to have a clear view of the fallopian tubes. This is a safer and faster procedure. In case blocking of the tubes is not possible, the doctor may recommend complete removal of the fallopian tubes.

What to expect after the operation?

Female sterilization is usually an outpatient procedure. However, if you are under a heavy dose of anaesthesia, you may have to stay back at the hospital for a day or two. You will feel pain for the initial few days, for which your doctor will prescribe you medications. Depending on your overall condition, you can expect to return to your usual activities within a week. Nevertheless, ensure that you do not engage in strenuous physical activities or lift heavy objects for a while at least.

Female sterilization is a permanent way of birth control. Go for it only if you feel you are physically and emotionally ready for the same. In case you have any doubts about the procedure, feel free to discuss in detail with your gynaecologist.