Dr. Brain Sodder

In India 61 million people are victims of diabetes. Diabetes disease is related to metabolic, in which oxidation of carbohydrates and glucose is not fully detected. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body fails to convert sugars, starches and other foods into energy. Many of the foods you eat are normally converted into a type of sugar called glucose during digestion. The bloodstream then carries glucose through the body. The hormone, insulin, then turns glucose into quick energy or is stored for futher use. In diabetic people, the body either does not make enough insulin or it cannot use the insulin correctly. This is why too much glucose builds up in the bloodstream.

The main reason is irregular meal, mental stress, lack of exercise. There are two major types of diabetes:

Type 1

• This is popularly known as juvenile onset diabetes. 
• Here, the body produces little or no insulin. It occurs most often in childhood or in the teens and could be inherited.
• People with this type of diabetes need daily injections of insulin. They must balance their daily intake of food and activities carefully with their insulin shots to stay alive.

Type 2

• Also known as adult onset diabetes, this occurs around 35 to 40 years. The more common of the two types, it accounts for about 80 per cent of the diabetics.
• Here, though the pancreas produce adequate insulin, body cells show reduced sensitivity towards it.
• Type 2 diabetes is usually triggered by obesity. The best way to fight it is by weight loss, exercise and dietary control.
• Sometimes, oral medication or insulin injections are also needed.

Symptoms of diabetes

• Extreme thirst and hunger
• Frequent urination
• Sores or bruises that heal slowly
• Dry, itchy skin
• Unexplained weight loss
• Unusual tiredness or drowsiness
• Tingling or numbness in the hands or feetsymptoms of diabetes

The role of diet in diabetes
Meal of diabetic patient is depending on calories. Which decides on it s age, weight, gender, height, working etc. Depending on each person s different   different dietary chart is created. We must take special care of time and amount of food in diabetes. Here we are giving diet chart for general diabetes patient.

Diabetes diet chart:

• Morning at 6:   teaspoon fenugreek (methi) powder + water. 
• Morning at 7: 1 cup sugar free tea + 1-2 mary biscuits.
• Morning at 8.30: 1 plate upma or oatmeal + half bowl sprouted grains + 100ml cream-free milk without sugar
• Morning at 10.30: 1 small fruit or 1 cup thin and sugar free buttermilk or lemon water
• Lunch at 1: 2 roti of mixed flour, 1 bowl rice, 1 bowl pulse, 1 bowl yogurt, half cup soybean or cheese vegetable, half bowl green vegetable, one plate salad
• 4 pm: 1 cup tea without sugar + 1-2 less sugar biscuits or toast
• 6 pm: 1 cup soup
• 8.30 pm: 2 roti of mixed flour, 1 bowl rice, 1 bowl pulse, half bowl green vegetable, one plate salad
• 10.30 pm: take 1 cup cream free milk without sugar.

When you feel hungry intake raw vegetables, salad, black tea, soups, thin buttermilk, lemon water. Avoid it: molasses, sugar, honey, sweets, dry fruits. Foods you must avoid!

1. Salt: salt is the greatest culprit for diabetics. You get enough salt from vegetables in inorganic form, so reduce the intake of inorganic salt.
2. Sugar: sucrose, a table sugar, provides nothing but calories and carbohydrates. Also, you need calcium to digest sucrose. Insufficient sucrose intake might lead to calcium being leached off the bones. Substitute sucrose with natural sugar, like honey, jaggery (gur), etc.
3. Fat: excessive fat intake is definitely not a good habit. Try and exclude fried items from your diet totally. But, remember, you must have a small quantity of oil to absorb fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin E.
4. For non-vegetarians: Try and stop the intake of red meat completely. Try to go in for a vegetarian diet. If you cannot, decrease the consumption of eggs and poultry. You can, however, eat lean fish two to three times a week.
5. Whole milk and products: Try to switch to low fat milk and its products like yogurt (curd). Replace high fat cheese with low fat cottage cheese.
6. Tea and coffee: Do not have than two cups of the conventional tea or decaffeinated coffee every day. Try to switch to herbal teas.
7. White flour and its products: Replace these with whole grains, wholewheat or soya breads and unpolished rice.
8. Foods with a high glycemic index: Avoid white rice, potatoes, carrots, breads and banana -- they increase the blood-sugar levels. 

Advice for diabetes patient:

1. 35-40 minute faster walk every day.
2. Diabetic person should eat food between times intervals like take breakfast in morning, lunch, some snakes and dinner.
3. Avoid oily food.
4. Intake more fiber foods in meals. It increases glucose level gradually in blood and keeps control.
5. Do not take fast and also don t go much party.
6. Diabetic person should eat food slowly.

Calorific requirement:

1.  An obese middle aged or elderly patient with mild diabetes 1000 -1600 kcal.
2.  An elderly diabetic but not over weight  1400 -1800 kcal.
3.  A young active diabetic  1800 -3000 kcal.
4.  Daily intake of carbohydrate: 1/10th of total calories approximately  180gm.
5.  Daily intake of protein: 60gm to 110gm.
6.  Daily intake of fat: 50gm to 150gm.

ADHD is one of the commonest behavioral disorders that are found in mostly school going kids. In fact, this kind of trouble might affect kid's ability quite adversely. There are a few signs with the help of which ADHD in kids can be easily detected and some of the commonest ones are emotional turmoil, unfinished tasks, squirm and fidget, low focus careless mistakes and other related ones. 

Both interpersonal relationship and schooling success can be hampered to a great extent with this kind of mental disorder. This is why the kids facing the mentioned signs need to be thoroughly diagnosed medically so that the doctors can recommend best treatments that can provide fastest recovery and that too safely and easily. 

Best tips for tackling ADHD in kids:

1. Setting behavior limits: If you make your kids learn how to lead a disciplined life, then appropriate behavioral limits are established. Arrogant child is mostly exposed towards ADHD. 
2. Staying calm: Child anger should be efficiently controlled otherwise. ADHD cannot be cured. If the kids remain calm and quiet, then only their concentration level will increase, and they can show productive outcomes. 
3. Setting pressure free structure: Sensible routines and scheduled charts are to be prepared so that unwanted risks can be easily avoided. If the kids are under tremendous pressure, then they might face different kinds of behavioral troubles. 
4. Allow kids to make wise choices: If you let your kids free, then only they will be able to take right decisions. Kids with a cool mind can take wise decisions that are very much appropriate for upgrading their performances. 
5. Advocating child: Child advocating is highly needed for maintaining a good and healthy balance. But too much strictness should be avoided so that your kids' behavior can be controlled with ease.  This should be done either by parents or tutors so that they can choose the best direction in life. 
6. Avoid muting any headstrong child: Communicate with your child so that a proper interaction can be maintained. If your child remains silent for too long, then they might face different behavioral troubles. 
7. Acquiring knowledge about ADHD: Both parents and kids should have equal knowledge about ADHD and then only the probable signs can be easily avoided, and the necessary treatments can be known. 
8. Being persistent: Persistent behavior is to be maintained, and if you find any deviation in your kids, then you should take them to a doctor. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a psychiatrist.